{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T02:55:26Z","timestamp":1773370526110,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province","award":["KYCX24_3985"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KYCX24_3985"]}]},{"name":"Humanities and Social Sciences Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China","award":["22YJCZH153"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22YJCZH153"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Urban traffic networks are highly vulnerable to external disturbances such as heavy rainfall, which can induce capacity degradation, non-periodic congestion, and delayed system recovery. To address the limitations of existing perimeter control strategies that primarily focus on demand-side fluctuations and assume fixed network capacity, this study proposes a distributed coordinated perimeter control framework that explicitly incorporates rainfall-induced capacity degradation into system feedback. The proposed framework adopts a two-layer control structure, in which a main controller regulates global network accumulation near the critical macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) state, while sub-controllers dynamically adjust perimeter control rates in response to localized traffic conditions and water accumulation. A case study based on real taxi trajectory data from Wuhan City, combined with SUMO-based microscopic traffic simulation, is conducted to evaluate the proposed approach under heavy rainfall conditions. The results show that the distributed coordinated control framework reduces peak network accumulation by 39.6%, increases average vehicle speed by 35.28%, and significantly accelerates post-disturbance recovery. These findings indicate that integrating environmental disturbances into distributed perimeter control can effectively enhance the stability and resilience of urban traffic systems under adverse weather conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems14030301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T14:46:31Z","timestamp":1773326791000},"page":"301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Urban Traffic System Resilience Enhancement Under Rainfall Disturbances Based on Distributed Coordinated Perimeter Control"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1543-5790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaona","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huixian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2012). 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