{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T12:06:56Z","timestamp":1778846816504,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Research Project on Teaching Reform in Regular Undergraduate Colleges and Universities","award":["202401000607"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202401000607"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Province Degree and Graduate Teaching Reform Research Project","award":["2023JGYB167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JGYB167"]}]},{"name":"Changsha University of Science & Technology Degree and Graduate Teaching Reform Research Project","award":["CLYJSJG25007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CLYJSJG25007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Traditional cognitive practices in the Engineering Management Major (EMM) are often constrained by safety risks, high costs, and geographical limitations. This study proposes a novel Virtual Cognitive Practice (VCP) mode that integrates ubiquitous learning (U-learning) with web-based panoramic maps to overcome these challenges. We developed a VCP system leveraging panoramic data of roads, bridges, and tunnels from commercial web mapping platforms to provide high-fidelity, interactive observation environments. To evaluate its effectiveness, 147 undergraduate students participated in a virtual practice course and subsequently completed a structured questionnaire. The results demonstrate that the accuracy on objective knowledge tests exceeded 80%, alongside a high mean score of 4.27\/5 for visualization satisfaction. Statistical analysis using Chi-square tests indicates that students with prior on-site experience are significantly more confident in the VCP mode\u2019s potential as a pedagogical alternative. This research bridges the technical gap in EMM practical education by providing a flexible, ubiquitous learning ecosystem.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems14050492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T14:35:53Z","timestamp":1777559753000},"page":"492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ubiquitous Virtual Cognitive Practice Mode in Engineering Management Utilizing Web Map Panoramas: Application and Effectiveness Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7699-4716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yao","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Transportation, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fubin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Transportation, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9836-9871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dingli","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Transportation, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weijun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Transportation, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7272-6471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rongwei","family":"Bu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Transportation, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1108\/SASBE-07-2022-0144","article-title":"Construction practice knowledge for complementing classroom teaching during site visits","volume":"14","author":"Olayiwola","year":"2025","journal-title":"Smart Sustain. 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