{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T17:08:26Z","timestamp":1785431306437,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52362055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52362055"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["52362055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52362055"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011785","name":"Guangxi Science and Technology Department","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025LTLT03003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025LTLT03003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011785","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2025LTLT03003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025LTLT03003"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00dhpdx54","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In response to the increasing operational complexity of inland waterway systems, this study develops a multi-objective optimization framework for ship lock scheduling under energy-consumption and resource constraints. The model evaluates five operational dimensions, namely average waiting time, lock utilization, total energy consumption, arrival rescheduling rate, and berth-overcapacity penalty. Based on historical lockage records from the Da Teng Gorge Ship Lock Hub, four representative multi-objective algorithms\u2014NSGA-II, NSGA-III, MOEA\/D, and SPEA-II\u2014are comparatively examined. The revised analysis emphasizes trade-off performance rather than unsupported absolute dominance claims: NSGA-III shows the most balanced overall behavior on the preserved empirical instance, MOEA\/D remains competitive in time-sensitive scenarios, and SPEA-II performs well in some overcapacity-control settings. To improve methodological transparency, the paper clarifies the physical meaning and source of major parameters, distinguishes measured quantities from scenario settings, and reports carbon impact as a derived indicator linked to energy consumption. These revisions provide a more transparent and practically interpretable basis for intelligent ship lock scheduling under congestion, energy, and resource constraints.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems14050507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T02:06:21Z","timestamp":1777860381000},"page":"507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intelligent Multi-Objective Optimization on Ship Lock Scheduling Considering Energy Consumption and Resource Constraints"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Qi","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture and Transportation Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of ITS, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongcheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture and Transportation Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pinglu Canal Group Co., Ltd., Nanning 530022, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Laboratory of Modern Canal, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pinglu Canal Group Co., Ltd., Nanning 530022, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Laboratory of Modern Canal, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, Z., Ji, B., and Yu, S.S. 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