{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T14:37:40Z","timestamp":1781534260827,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002338","name":"Humanities and Social Sciences Research Project of the Ministry of Education of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25YJA790018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25YJA790018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61972029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61972029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["61972029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61972029"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Project of Beijing Education Science \u201c14th Five-Year Plan\u201d","award":["CAEA25050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAEA25050"]}]},{"name":"Tianjin Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project","award":["TJJWZD06-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TJJWZD06-04"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In project-based organizations, novices engaged in project-contextualized learning often struggle to balance sustained project learning with immediate task delivery, creating a tension between developmental sustainability and execution sustainability. While informal support mechanisms such as apprenticeship help alleviate this tension, their effectiveness remains limited. To address this issue, this study adopts a Design Science Research approach to develop a generative AI-driven project scaffolding system prototype. The study contributes design knowledge comprising two core elements. First, based on the task execution process, scaffolding support is organized into three dimensions, namely contextualization, cognitive guidance, and cognitive evolution, which correspond to the progression from task understanding to cognitive construction. Second, a cognition-driven scaffolding mechanism is constructed through prompt-driven and knowledge-augmented generation, enabling human-centered intelligent guidance, augmentation, and automation during task execution. Evaluation in a software implementation firm suggests that the system may improve task output quality and support novices\u2019 application of task-relevant strategies in subsequent tasks. These findings indicate the system\u2019s potential to support the sustainability of both project learning and task execution in project practice. This study provides design insights for embedding GenAI-driven scaffolding in project practice, helping organizations in similar project contexts establish sustainable project support approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems14050580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T15:45:34Z","timestamp":1779291934000},"page":"580","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Generative AI-Driven Scaffolding System for Sustaining Project Learning and Task Execution"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Shuyao","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics and Management, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juanqiong","family":"Gou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics and Management, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics and Management, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Kunzhi Technology Co., Ltd., Block C, B13, No. 18A Xueqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijproman.2016.07.001","article-title":"Application of the Systemic Lessons Learned Knowledge Model for Organisational Learning through Projects","volume":"34","author":"Duffield","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. 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