{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T04:57:53Z","timestamp":1781153873723,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Growing awareness of low-carbon environmental protection necessitates incorporating the dynamic evolution of consumer preferences into supply chain management. Unlike prior research focusing on single financing or static preferences, this paper uniquely integrates financing choice under mixed-financing conditions and government incentives under dynamic information updating. We investigate a low-carbon supply chain where a capital-constrained retailer combines low-carbon credit financing (LCF) and trade credit financing (TCF) and under the updating of consumption preferences during the lead time, and build a carbon reduction optimization model. The manufacturer\u2019s abatement and production, the retailer\u2019s financing balancing LCF and TCF under bankruptcy risk, and ordering are modeled within a two-period newsvendor framework with demand information updating. Result analysis reveals the following: (i) Under preference updating and equal subsidy amounts, LCF consistently induces higher carbon reduction efficiency than promotion allowances. (ii) Counterintuitively, promotion allowances dynamically enhance the supply chain\u2019s total profit more effectively than LCF, exposing a critical divergence between environmental efficiency and economic performance. (iii) Across all incentive schemes (single or combined), the marginal gain in carbon reduction efficiency declines with increasing subsidy intensity. These findings imply that policymakers should flexibly align the choice of incentive instrument with the prioritized objective\u2014carbon reduction or supply chain profitability\u2014given the diminishing marginal returns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems14060649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T07:43:02Z","timestamp":1780904582000},"page":"649","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dynamic Financing and Subsidy Allowances in Low-Carbon Supply Chains Under Consumption Preference Updating"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mingyun","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Management, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinzi","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiping","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Management, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixin","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Management, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2018.08.107","article-title":"More than half of China\u2019s CO2 emissions are from micro, small and medium-sized enterprises","volume":"230","author":"Meng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. 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