{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T06:04:25Z","timestamp":1789884265943,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,23]],"date-time":"2016-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1458691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity","award":["SimulPast-CSD-2010-00034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SimulPast-CSD-2010-00034"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity","award":["HAR2013-47480-P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HAR2013-47480-P"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity","award":["FIS2012-32334"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIS2012-32334"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the Near East, nomadic hunter-gatherer societies became sedentary farmers for the first time during the transition into the Neolithic. Sedentary life presented a risk of isolation for Neolithic groups. As fluid intergroup interactions are crucial for the sharing of information, resources and genes, Neolithic villages developed a network of contacts. In this paper we study obsidian exchange between Neolithic villages in order to characterize this network of interaction. Using agent-based modelling and elements taken from complex network theory, we model obsidian exchange and compare results with archaeological data. We demonstrate that complex networks of interaction were established at the outset of the Neolithic and hypothesize that the existence of these complex networks was a necessary condition for the success and spread of a new way of living.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems4020018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,23]],"date-time":"2016-03-23T11:40:54Z","timestamp":1458733254000},"page":"18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Systems of Interaction between the First Sedentary Villages in the Near East Exposed Using Agent-Based Modelling of Obsidian Exchange"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Ortega","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c0rea de Prehist\u00f2ria, Universitat de Girona, pl. Ferrater Mora 1, Girona 17071, Spain"},{"name":"Instituci\u00f3n Mil\u00e1 y Fontanals, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, Egipc\u00edaques, 15, Barcelona 08001, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituci\u00f3n Mil\u00e1 y Fontanals, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, Egipc\u00edaques, 15, Barcelona 08001, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grup de F\u00edsica Estad\u00edstica, Departament de F\u00edsica, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Cerdanyola, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lamya","family":"Khalidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 7264\u2014Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique\u2014Culture et Environnements Pr\u00e9histoire, Antiquit\u00e9, Moyen \u00c2ge, 24 avenue des Diables Bleus, Nice 06357, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicen\u00e7","family":"M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grup de F\u00edsica Estad\u00edstica, Departament de F\u00edsica, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Cerdanyola, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Teira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehist\u00f3ricas de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria, Edificio Interfacultativo, Avda. de los Castros, s\/n, Santander 39005, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00975111","article-title":"The origins of sedentism and farming communities in the Levant","volume":"3","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. 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