{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T14:44:18Z","timestamp":1771857858745,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,15]],"date-time":"2017-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper provides an account of how systems engineering principles are applied by the Norwegian government to improve up-front planning and decision-making of large public investment projects, as well as the effect of these efforts after 15 years of operations. It suggests that the results are promising, both in securing budgetary compliance, but also to ensure conceptual solutions that are economically viable in a life-time perspective.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems5010013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,15]],"date-time":"2017-02-15T10:09:07Z","timestamp":1487153347000},"page":"13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Systems Engineering in Front-End Governance of Major Public Investment Projects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Knut","family":"Samset","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7020 Trondheim, Norway"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"The International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE) What is Systems Engineering?. 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Proj. Manag."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Berg, P., \u00d8stby, L.-E., Lilleby, S., Styrvold, S., Holand, K., Korsnes, U., R\u00f8nning, K., and Johansen, F. (1999). Styring av Statlige Investeringer. Sluttrapport fra Styringsgruppen, Ministry of Finance."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1108\/17538371111120216","article-title":"The Norwegian front-end governance regime of major public projects: A theoretically based analysis and evaluation","volume":"4","author":"Christensen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Manag. Proj. Bus."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Samset, K., and Volden, G.H. (2013). Investing for Impact. Lessons with the Norwegian State Project Model and the First Investment Projects That Have Been Subjected to External Quality Assurance, Ex Ante Academic Publisher. Concept Report No. 36."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Rasmussen, I., Heldal, N., Homleid, T., Ibenholdt, K., Skjelvik, J.M., and Vennemo, H. (2010). 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Concept Working Paper."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Samset, K., Volden, G.H., Olsson, N., and Kvalheim, E.V. (2015). Styringsregimer for store Offentlige Prosjekter. En Sammenliknende Studie av Prinsipper og Praksis i seks Land. (Governance Schemes for Major Public Investment Projects: A Comparative Study of Principles and Practices in Six Countries), Ex Ante Academic Publisher. 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