{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T13:16:19Z","timestamp":1774271779890,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,22]],"date-time":"2017-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Commission- Marie Curie Actions - Cofund","award":["AYD-000-268"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AYD-000-268"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper explores the substantial effect that the critical understanding and techno-political consideration of data are having in some smart city strategies. Particularly, the paper presents some results of a comparative study of four cases of smart city transitions: Glasgow, Bristol, Barcelona, and Bilbao. Likewise, considering how relevant the city-regional path-dependency is in each territorial context, the paper will elucidate the notion of smart devolution as a key governance component that is enabling some cities to formulate their own smart city-regional governance policies and implement them by considering the role of the smart citizens as decision makers rather than mere data providers. The paper concludes by identifying an implicit smart city-regional governance strategy for each case based on the techno-politics of data and smart devolution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems5010018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,22]],"date-time":"2017-02-22T11:36:58Z","timestamp":1487763418000},"page":"18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["The Techno-Politics of Data and Smart Devolution in City-Regions: Comparing Glasgow, Bristol, Barcelona, and Bilbao"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4269-830X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor","family":"Calzada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford, Urban Transformations ESRC &amp; Future of Cities Programmes, COMPAS, 58 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6QS, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Forbes Cities Cannot be Reduced to Just Big Data and IoT: Smart City Lessons from Yinchuan, China. 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