{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T07:59:18Z","timestamp":1775203158199,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":162,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,16]],"date-time":"2019-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Developing causal loop diagrams (CLDs) involves identifying stakeholders and endogenous variables and formulating variable causal relationships. Traditionally, the CLDs are developed mainly using a qualitative approach such as literature review, observations and interviews with stakeholders. However, modellers may question which stakeholders should be approached, whether the relevant variables are selected, and what to do when stakeholders perceive different variable relationships in the CLDs differently. Applying in a case study, this research proposes a multi-method approach by combining both quantitative and qualitative methods to select stakeholders, identify endogenous\/exogenous variables, and develop the CLDs. The proposed quantitative method is expected to provide modellers with a justifiable stakeholder and variable selection process. The method also highlights possible hidden variables and relationships, which were further explored with a traditional qualitative approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems7030042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,19]],"date-time":"2019-08-19T06:10:14Z","timestamp":1566195014000},"page":"42","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["A Multi-Methodology Approach to Creating a Causal Loop Diagram"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9686-4767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"NiNa","family":"Dhirasasna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Griffith Institute for Tourism, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus 4222, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1914-5379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oz","family":"Sahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus 4222, Australia"},{"name":"Griffith Climate Change Response Program, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus 4222, Australia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1002\/sdr.4260100204","article-title":"Systems thinking\/system dynamics: Let\u2019s just get on with it","volume":"10","author":"Richmond","year":"1994","journal-title":"Syst. 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