{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T15:24:22Z","timestamp":1775143462550,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]],"date-time":"2019-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The operating landscape of 21st century systems is characteristically ambiguous, emergent, and uncertain. These characteristics affect the capacity and performance of engineered systems\/enterprises. In response, there are increasing calls for multidisciplinary approaches capable of confronting increasingly ambiguous, emergent, and uncertain systems. System of Systems Engineering (SoSE) is an example of such an approach. A key aspect of SoSE is the coordination and the integration of systems to enable \u2018system-of-systems\u2019 capabilities greater than the sum of the capabilities of the constituent systems. However, there is a lack of qualitative studies exploring how coordination and integration are achieved. The objective of this research is to revisit SoSE utility as a potential multidisciplinary approach and to suggest \u2018governance\u2019 as the basis for enabling \u2018system-of-systems\u2019 coordination and integration. In this case, \u2018governance\u2019 is concerned with direction, oversight, and accountability of \u2018system-of-systems.\u2019 \u2018Complex System Governance\u2019 is a new and novel basis for improving \u2018system-of-system\u2019 performance through purposeful design, execution, and evolution of essential metasystem functions.\u2019<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems7040054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]],"date-time":"2019-12-09T11:22:51Z","timestamp":1575890571000},"page":"54","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["A Governance Perspective for System-of-Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2213-4929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Polinpapilinho F.","family":"Katina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics and Engineering Systems, University of South Carolina Upstate, Spartanburg, SC 29303, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles B.","family":"Keating","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Bobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics and Engineering Systems, University of South Carolina Upstate, Spartanburg, SC 29303, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tyrone S.","family":"Toland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics and Engineering Systems, University of South Carolina Upstate, Spartanburg, SC 29303, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Georgescu, A., Gheorghe, A.V., Piso, M.-I., and Katina, P.F. 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