{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T21:33:59Z","timestamp":1781818439349,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":150,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,19]],"date-time":"2020-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study estimates demographic resilience in local socioeconomic systems of Southern Europe using long-term population dynamics. We assume attractive places with a continuously expanding (resident) population as \u2018demographically resilient\u2019, and locations experiencing a persistent decline of population as more fragile to external shocks. Based on these premises, a comprehensive assessment of demographic resilience in more than 1000 municipalities along the urban\u2013rural gradient in Greece, a Mediterranean country with marked regional disparities, was carried out between 1961 and 2011. Municipalities were considered representative of homogeneous local communities, especially in rural areas. The results of non-parametric correlations suggest how basic geographical gradients (coastal\u2013inland and urban\u2013rural) have significantly influenced the demographic resilience of Greek municipalities. These findings outline two contrasting spatial patterns that reflect (i) continuous expansion of peri-urban local communities and (ii) a particularly intense rural shrinkage, linking depopulation to land abandonment and scarce accessibility of inland districts. While long-term population growth in Greece has progressively re-shaped the intrinsic divide in urban and rural areas, the traditional gap in central and peripheral districts is still reflected in the spatial polarization between the \u2018demographically resilient\u2019, socially dynamic coastal locations and the \u2018demographically fragile\u2019 inland, economically marginal places. These results indicate the persistence of a center\u2013periphery model characterizing long-term settlement expansion in Greece, with spatial patterns delineating \u2018resilient\u2019 and \u2018fragile\u2019 districts based essentially on infrastructures, accessibility, and amenities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems8030034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,19]],"date-time":"2020-09-19T07:06:09Z","timestamp":1600499169000},"page":"34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Demographic Resilience in Local Systems: An Empirical Approach with Census Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5330-6076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Colantoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (DAFNE), Tuscia University, Via San Camillo de Lellis, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3766-6493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rares","family":"Halbac-Cotoara-Zamfir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Overland Communication Ways, Foundation and Cadastral Survey, Politehnica University of Timisoara, 1A I. Curea Street, 300224 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Halbac-Cotoara-Zamfir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Career Counselling and Guidance, Politehnica University of Timisoara, 2nd Victoriei Square, 300006 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavel","family":"Cudlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Change Research Institute CAS, Lipova 9, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Salvati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics and Law, University of Macerata, Via Armaroli 43, I-62100 Macerata, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Gimenez Morera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Economia y Ciencias Sociales, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Cami de Vera S\/N, ES-46022 Val\u00e8ncia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Zolli, A., and Healy, A.M. 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