{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T10:00:48Z","timestamp":1770890448620,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]],"date-time":"2021-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Previous research regarding PhD students\u2019 well-being (PhD-WB) has lacked a comprehensive and systemic analysis. This research engages with a systems approach to examine the multiple variables, including feedback mechanisms, which influence PhD-WB over time. The model was developed using a structural analysis method (Cross-impact analysis MICMAC) that informed a causal loop diagram (CLD). The aim was to understand what promotes (drivers) and inhibits (barriers) PhD students\u2019 well-being. The results show that PhD students\u2019 well-being reflects an interplay between university, financial support, students\u2019 mental and physical health, and family\/friends. However, the analysis shows that the role of the drivers is dynamic, and they can become barriers in certain circumstances. This insight validates the application of systems thinking to illustrate the complexity of PhD students\u2019 well-being.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems9010017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]],"date-time":"2021-02-23T20:19:36Z","timestamp":1614111576000},"page":"17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["A Systems Approach to Examining PhD Students\u2019 Well-Being: An Australian Case"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9686-4767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Dhirasasna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Griffith Systems Modelling Group, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia"},{"name":"Griffith Institute for Tourism, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6916-0366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emiliya","family":"Suprun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Griffith Systems Modelling Group, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia"},{"name":"School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia"},{"name":"Cities Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4404-1694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefen","family":"MacAskill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Griffith Systems Modelling Group, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia"},{"name":"School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia"},{"name":"Cities Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia"},{"name":"Griffith Business School, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2239-8676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehdi","family":"Hafezi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Griffith Systems Modelling Group, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia"},{"name":"School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia"},{"name":"Cities Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1914-5379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oz","family":"Sahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Griffith Systems Modelling Group, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia"},{"name":"School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia"},{"name":"Cities Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1080\/13600800903440543","article-title":"Benchmarking work practices and outcomes in australian universities using an employee survey","volume":"32","author":"Langford","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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