{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:13:47Z","timestamp":1760235227520,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]],"date-time":"2021-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Even though recent studies designate that sustainability should be integrated in project management, this integration remains a complex issue. Hence, there is a need to develop a new approach that would assess the organizational sustainability and reveal to what extent sustainable project management practices are effective. The aim of this research is to propose a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis-based method to assess the integration of the sustainability philosophy in large-scale organizations via the utilization of sustainable project management-related indicators. By utilising the proposed approach to compare internal organizational structures, the researchers aim to reveal the sustainability integration level within different business units, in order to allow organizations to make decisions toward sustainable practices. The indicators used in the proposed model are related to key aspects of organizations and they measure how the departments\u2019 staff utilize sustainable project management processes in their construction projects. The case study was conducted in a market-leading design, engineering, and project management consultancy organization. Evaluating organizational sustainability can help organizations target their efforts in certain areas (enhancing sustainable outcomes). It can also facilitate data collection, analysis, and future projections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems9030058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T21:46:44Z","timestamp":1627854404000},"page":"58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Evaluating Organizational Sustainability: A Multi-Criteria Based-Approach to Sustainable Project Management Indicators"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8892-6024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marios","family":"Stanitsas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Zografos, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7675-6785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Kirytopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Zografos, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9248-3454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Aretoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Civil Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.120835","article-title":"Evaluation of the efficiency and sustainability of timber-based construction","volume":"259","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2019.100822","article-title":"Exploring the effects of a building retrofit to improve energy performance and sustainability: A case study of Korean public buildings","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2018.03.025","article-title":"Transferring green building technologies from academic research institutes to building enterprises in the development of urban green building: A stochastic differential game approach","volume":"39","author":"Yin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2019.01.637","article-title":"Framework for Reducing Dust Emissions and Energy Consumption on Construction Sites","volume":"158","author":"Hong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Procedia"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.120521","article-title":"Supply chain management approach for greenhouse and acidifying gases emission reduction towards construction materials industry: A case study from China","volume":"258","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, W.-D., Cheng, S.-T., Ho, W.-C., and Chang, Y.-H. (2018). Measuring the Sustainability of Construction Projects throughout Their Lifecycle: A Taiwan Lesson. Sustainability, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/su10051523"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.117676","article-title":"Sustainability integration in the management of construction projects: A morphological analysis of over two decades\u2019 research literature","volume":"236","author":"Goel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2017.11.008","article-title":"Critical factors for implementing sustainable construction practice in HOPSCA projects: A case study in China","volume":"37","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2019.104312","article-title":"A scientometric review of global research on sustainability and project management dataset","volume":"25","author":"Junior","year":"2019","journal-title":"Data Brief"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.117810","article-title":"The imperative and research directions of sustainable project management","volume":"238","author":"Chofreh","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.125404","article-title":"Organisational sustainability readiness: A model and assessment tool for manufacturing companies","volume":"284","author":"Barletta","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.05.120","article-title":"Critical success factors of sustainable project management in construction: A fuzzy DEMATEL-ANP approach","volume":"194","author":"Standing","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijproman.2017.01.014","article-title":"Critical success factors (CSFs) for integration of sustainability into construction project management practices in developing countries","volume":"35","author":"Banihashemi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Proj. Manag."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(86)90044-5","article-title":"How to select and how to rank projects: Prometh","volume":"24","author":"Brans","year":"1986","journal-title":"Method Eur. J. Oper. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.121244","article-title":"Sustainability assessment of large-scale composting technologies using PROMETHEE method","volume":"261","author":"Makan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Medel-Gonz\u00e1lez, F., Garc\u00eda-\u00c1vila, L., Acosta-Beltr\u00e1n, A., and Hern\u00e1ndez, C. (2013). Measuring and Evaluating Business Sustainability: Development and Application of Corporate Index of Sustainability Performance. Sustainability Appraisal: Quantitative Methods and Mathematical Techniques for Environmental Performance Evaluation, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-32081-1_3"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"101","article-title":"Analysis of Organizational Sustainability: The Building","volume":"7","author":"Nichioka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Braz. J. Oper. Prod. Manag."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zenya, A., and Nystad, \u00d8. (2018). Assessing Corporate Sustainability with the Enterprise Sustainability Evaluation Tool (E-SET). Sustainability, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/su10124661"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023343614973","article-title":"Using Indicators to Measure Sustainability Performance at a Corporate and Project Level","volume":"44","author":"Keeble","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Bus. Ethics"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1080\/01446190600601313","article-title":"A strategic framework for sustainable construction in developing countries","volume":"25","year":"2007","journal-title":"Constr. Manag. Econ."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Kibert, C.J. (1994, January 6\u20139). Sustainable construction. Proceedings of the First International Conference of CIB TG 16, Tampa, FL, USA."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1080\/014461997372971","article-title":"Sustainable construction: Principles and a framework for attainment","volume":"15","author":"Hill","year":"1997","journal-title":"Constr. Manag. Econ."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000315","article-title":"Key assessment indicators for the sustainability of infrastructure projects","volume":"137","author":"Shen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Constr. Eng. Manag."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohamed, M. (2019). Green Building Rating Systems as Sustainability Assessment Tools: Case Study Analysis. Sustainability Assessment at the 21st Century, IntechOpen.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.87135"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dobrovolskien\u0117, N., and Tamo\u0161i\u016bnien\u0117, R. (2016). An Index to Measure Sustainability of a Business Project in the Construction Industry: Lithuanian Case. Sustainability, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/su8010014"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emj.2005.10.009","article-title":"Responsible Leadership and Corporate Social Responsibility","volume":"23","author":"Szekely","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"CIPD (2012). Responsible and Sustainable Business: HR Leading the Way\u2014A Collection of \u201cThought Pieces\u201d, CIPD."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"38","article-title":"Organizational sustainability: What is it, and why does it matter?","volume":"1","author":"Wales","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Enterp. Manag. Stud."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eccles, R.G., Ioannou, I., and Serafeim, G. (2014). The Impact of Corporate Culture of Sustainability on Corporate Behavior and Performance, Management Science.","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.2014.1984"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijproman.2016.04.004","article-title":"Key factors of sustainability in project management context: A survey exploring the project managers\u2019 perspective","volume":"35","author":"Martens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Proj. Manag."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"21","article-title":"Three Conceptions of Triple Bottom Line Business Sustainability and the Role for HRM","volume":"30","author":"Colbert","year":"2007","journal-title":"People Strategy"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"78","article-title":"Strategy and Society: The Link Between Competitive Advantage and Corporate Social Responsibility","volume":"84","author":"Porter","year":"2007","journal-title":"Harv. Bus. Rev."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"99","article-title":"Assessing the quality of different MCDA methods","volume":"4","author":"Omann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Altern. Environ. Valuat."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apm.2011.12.030","article-title":"PROMETHEE based sustainable concept selection","volume":"36","author":"Vinodh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Math. Model."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1080\/009083190881607","article-title":"Selecting an Appropriate Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Technique for Renewable Energy Planning","volume":"1","author":"Polatidis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Energy Sources Part B"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirpj.2010.03.006","article-title":"Sustainable manufacturing: Modeling and optimization challenges at the product, process and system levels","volume":"2","author":"Jayal","year":"2010","journal-title":"CIRP J. Manuf. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2018.05.087","article-title":"An extended TODIM-PROMETHEE method for waste-to-energy plant site selection based on sustainability perspective","volume":"156","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Brestovac, G., and Grgurina, R. (2013). Applying Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Methods in Embedded Systems Design. [Master\u2019s Thesis, M\u00e4lardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering]."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.31.6.647","article-title":"Note\u2014A Preference Ranking Organisation Method","volume":"31","author":"Brans","year":"1985","journal-title":"Manag. Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"100","article-title":"A multi-criteria decision-making model for the justification of lean manufacturing systems","volume":"3","author":"Gurumurthy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Manag. Sci. Eng. Manag."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-8352(92)90159-H","article-title":"Multi-criteria analysis in the evaluation of advanced manufacturing technology using promethee","volume":"23","author":"Kolli","year":"1992","journal-title":"Comput. Ind. Eng."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Wiguna, K.A., Sarno, R., and Ariyani, N.F. (2016, January 12). Optimization Solar Farm site selection using Multi-Criteria Decision Making Fuzzy AHP and PROMETHEE: Case study in Bali. Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Information & Communication Technology and Systems, Surabaya, Indonesia."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(96)00370-0","article-title":"Comparing multicriteria methods in the context of environmental problems","volume":"104","author":"Salminen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oper. Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2017.08.034","article-title":"Social sustainability assessment of small hydropower with hesitant PROMETHEE method","volume":"35","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"1123","article-title":"Regeneration and reuse of leachate from a municipal solid waste landfill","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Environ. Biol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1007\/s10098-011-0429-2","article-title":"Sustainable concept selection using ELECTRE","volume":"14","author":"Vinodh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clean Technol. Environ. Policy"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.2174\/1874836801408010052","article-title":"Developing a Sustainability Performance Assessment Tool for Public Funded Projects According to Policies and Stakeholders\u2019 Perceptions","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Open Constr. Build. Technol. J."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eiar.2010.01.007","article-title":"Re-evaluating Sustainability Assessment: Aligning the vision and the practice","volume":"31","author":"Bond","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Impact Assess. Rev."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Stanitsas, M., and Kirytopoulos, K. (2021). Investigating the significance of sustainability indicators for promoting sustainable construction project management. Int. J. Constr. Manag., 1\u201326."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123774","article-title":"Integrating sustainability indicators into project management: The case of construction industry","volume":"279","author":"Stanitsas","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goel, A., Ganesh, L.S., and Kaur, A. (2019). Sustainability assessment of construction practices in India using inductive content analysis of research literature. Int. J. Constr. Manag.","DOI":"10.1080\/15623599.2019.1583851"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zafirakou, A., Themeli, S., Tsami, E., and Aretoulis, G. (2018). Multi-Criteria Analysis of Different Approaches to Protect the Marine and Coastal Environment from Oil Spills. J. Mar. Sci. Eng., 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse6040125"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijproman.2020.08.003","article-title":"Exploring variety in factors that stimulate project managers to address sustainability issues","volume":"38","author":"Silvius","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Proj. Manag."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2021.03.115","article-title":"Ranking construction of small hydro power plants using multi-criteria decision analysis","volume":"172","year":"2021","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s40092-018-0289-z","article-title":"Application of PROMETHEE method for green supplier selection: A comparative result based on preference functions","volume":"15","author":"Abdullah","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Ind. Eng. Int."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2014.10.044","article-title":"Transportation Infrastructure Project Sustainability Factors and Performance","volume":"153","author":"Amiril","year":"2014","journal-title":"Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tesca\u0219iu, B., Epuran, G., Tec\u0103u, A.S., Chi\u021bu, I.B., and Mekinc, J. (2018). Innovative Forms of Economy and Sustainable Urban Development\u2014Sharing Tourism. Sustainability, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/su10113919"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proenv.2017.03.010","article-title":"Eco City Challenge and Opportunities in Transferring a City in to Green City","volume":"37","author":"Mersal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Procedia Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"3","article-title":"A Missing Pillar? Challenges in theorizing and practicing social sustainability","volume":"8","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sustain. Sci. Pract. Policy"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karana, E., Pedgley, O., and Rognoli, V. (2013). Chapter 7\u2014Materials and Social Sustainability. Materials Experience, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-099359-1.02001-4"}],"container-title":["Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-8954\/9\/3\/58\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:38:25Z","timestamp":1760164705000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-8954\/9\/3\/58"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["systems9030058"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/systems9030058","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-8954"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2079-8954"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]]}}}