{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T19:01:09Z","timestamp":1768417269675,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Virtual Worlds"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Desktop Virtual Worlds (DVWs) offer unique spatial affordances for education, yet understanding of how these environments support meaningful learning experiences remains limited. This study introduces the Socio-Spatial Embodiment Model, a novel framework conceptualizing learning in DVWs as shaped by the interconnection of embodied presence, place-making, and community formation. Through semi-structured interviews conducted with 14 experienced educators from the Virtual Worlds Education Consortium, we investigated how these dimensions intersect and what design strategies facilitate this integration. Thematic analysis revealed that strategic design employs cognitive offloading techniques and biophilic metaphors to enhance embodied presence, balance familiar elements with spatial innovations to create meaningful places, and leverage synchronous engagement with institutional identity markers to facilitate learning communities. Our findings identified design strategies that facilitate stronger perceived student connections to the learning environment and community, when DVW designs address spatial, emotional, social, and cultural factors while reinforcing both cognitive and perceptual processes. This research advances understanding of embodied learning in virtual environments by identifying the dynamic interdependence among presence, place, and community, providing practical strategies for educators in creating more meaningful virtual learning experiences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/virtualworlds4030030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T06:56:54Z","timestamp":1751353014000},"page":"30","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Interaction Design Strategies for Socio-Spatial Embodiment in Virtual World Learning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Arghavan (Nova)","family":"Ebrahimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computing and Informatics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harini","family":"Ramaprasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computing and Informatics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"n2","article-title":"Experiential Work in a Virtual World: Impactful and Socially Relevant Experiential Learning","volume":"19","author":"Kaminstein","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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