{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T21:17:00Z","timestamp":1789420620792,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aerospace"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In flight operations, the workload settings refer to the shift work, duty time, flight time, number of sectors, rest periods, time of day, duty patterns, number of time-zone transitions, number of consecutive duty days, and changes in the schedule. Workload factors, together with the biological mechanisms (the circadian rhythm, homeostatic sleep pressure, sleep inertia), can lead to the appearance of fatigue. Fatigue affects numerous tasks, such as performing inaccurate flight procedures, missing radio calls, missing or being too slow to pick up system warnings, forgetting or performing routine tasks inaccurately, and others. The focus of this paper is to determine which flight crew workload settings elements impact the appearance of fatigue. The process of collecting data regarding flight crew workload settings and fatigue is conducted on a sample of four airline pilots using an electronic CRD system of standardized chronometric cognitive tests and subjective self-assessment scales. Causal modeling tools of the IBM SPSS Statistics were used to detect correlations among flight crew workload settings, indicators of the subjective perception of fatigue, and measured fatigue indicators. In the final step, a set of simulations was created using simulation tools of the IBM SPSS Statistics to show how modifications of flight crew workload settings, such as modified duty time, number of days off, and others, can impact the level of fatigue. The obtained results can help improve the future planning of flight crew workload set-up and mitigate or prevent the appearance of fatigue in flight operations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/aerospace10100904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T10:34:20Z","timestamp":1698057260000},"page":"904","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Simulating Flight Crew Workload Settings to Mitigate Fatigue Risk in Flight Operations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1508-3000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dajana","family":"Bartulovi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Transport and Traffic Sciences, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6996-1385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanja","family":"Steiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Traffic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dario","family":"Fakle\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Croatia Airlines, 10010 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Mavrin Jeli\u010di\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Transport and Traffic Sciences, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2023, April 12). 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