{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T03:11:20Z","timestamp":1781925080123,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,9]],"date-time":"2021-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006533","name":"Ministry of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["QK1920398"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QK1920398"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006533","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Agriculture"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper aims to analyse the technical efficiency (TE) of dairy farms and find its determinants. To accomplish this problem, the Stochastic Frontier Analysis was applied. The data were obtained from the Farm Accountancy Data Network database for dairy farms (TF15-45\u2014Specialist dairying) for 2004\u20132019. Dairy farms were divided into four clusters according to their physical size (number of livestock units per farm) and economic size (standard output per farm). The largest farms by physical and economic size are located in Denmark and Cyprus. The smallest, in comparison, are in Bulgaria, Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania, Austria, Poland, Romania, and Slovenia. Farms in the EU are relatively technically efficient, i.e., they use their resources efficiently to produce maximum output (production). However, they have the potential to achieve better economic results and be more competitive, as the size of farms\u2019 is not fully optimised. The abolition of the milk quota can be considered a factor in improving technical efficiency, as the indicator is higher after the abolition. New and old member states have almost comparable technical efficiency levels (the p-value of the t-test is 0.463), with old members having slightly higher level TE. Subsidies have contradictory effects on TE. Farm efficiency with higher subsidies per cow is higher for farms with \u20ac51\u2013100\/cow. However, as subsidies increase, TE decreases. Only the group of farms with the highest subsidies has a higher TE. More diversified farms are more technically efficient than specialised farms. Milk yield did not influence the analysed indicator. The analysis results can serve the stakeholders as a tool for modelling future agricultural policy, as the European farms are very heterogenous and show different conditions and economic outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture11111114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,9]],"date-time":"2021-11-09T10:44:58Z","timestamp":1636454698000},"page":"1114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Factors Influencing Technical Efficiency in the EU Dairy Farms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Zde\u0148ka","family":"N\u00e1glov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics of Food Industry and Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information, M\u00e1nesova 1453\/75, 130 00 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Rudinskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Commodities, Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information, M\u00e1nesova 1453\/75, 130 00 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8489.2003.t01-1-00223.x","article-title":"Criteria for optimal production under uncertainty. 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