{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T09:41:45Z","timestamp":1771494105353,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2023YFD2001205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFD2001205"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["CARS-23-D07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-23-D07"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["CARS-23-D02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-23-D02"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["2023YFD2001205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFD2001205"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["CARS-23-D07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-23-D07"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["CARS-23-D02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-23-D02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AgriEngineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Smart agricultural machinery is built upon traditional agricultural equipment, further integrating modern information technologies to achieve automation, precision, and intelligence in agricultural production. Currently, significant progress has been made in the autonomous operation and monitoring technologies of smart agricultural machinery in China. However, challenges remain, including poor adaptability to complex environments, high equipment costs, and issues with system implementation and standardization integration. To help industry professionals quickly understand the current state and promote the rapid development of smart agricultural machinery, this paper provides an overview of the key technologies related to autonomous operation and monitoring in China\u2019s smart agricultural equipment. These technologies include environmental perception, positioning and navigation, autonomous operation and path planning, agricultural machinery status monitoring and fault diagnosis, and field operation monitoring. Each of these key technologies is discussed in depth with examples and analyses. On this basis, the paper analyzes the main challenges faced by the development of autonomous operation and monitoring technologies in China\u2019s smart agricultural machinery sector. Furthermore, it explores the future directions for the development of autonomous operation and monitoring technologies in smart agricultural machinery. This research is of great importance for promoting the transition of China\u2019s agricultural production towards automation and intelligence, improving agricultural production efficiency, and reducing reliance on human labor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/agriengineering7030071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T09:59:17Z","timestamp":1741255157000},"page":"71","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Review of Key Technological Developments in Autonomous Unmanned Operation Systems for Agriculture in China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Weizhen","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China"},{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingqiu","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China"},{"name":"Research Center of Information Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Village Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100097, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingli","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China"},{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3934-4452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China"},{"name":"College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huaji","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China"},{"name":"Research Center of Information Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Village Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100097, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yisheng","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China"},{"name":"Research Center of Information Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Village Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100097, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China"},{"name":"Research Center of Information Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Village Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100097, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guolong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huarui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China"},{"name":"Research Center of Information Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Village Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100097, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weitang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"Research progress of intelligent agricultural machinery and practice of unmanned farm in China","volume":"42","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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