{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T11:51:41Z","timestamp":1770292301036,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]],"date-time":"2020-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014809","name":"Technology Agency of the Czech Republic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TH04030132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TH04030132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006533","name":"Ministerstvo Zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MZE-RO1719"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MZE-RO1719"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006533","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Agronomy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Currently, there is an increasing emphasis on the use of renewable sources. The Czech Republic is no exception. There has been an increase in the number of biogas plants and composting plants. The main purpose of these facilities is to process organic wastes of various origins in order to utilize the waste, both for energy production and as soil fertility enhancers. Last but not least, the biogas station produces digestate, which could be further utilized. The present work deals with the assessment of the effect of digestate (doses of 220; 150 and 80 kg N ha\u22121), mineral fertilizer (150 kg N ha\u22121), and compost application (150 kg N ha\u22121) on selected indicators of soil environment: (a) soil microbial activity (basal and substrate-induced respiration); (b) plant nutrient content (P, K, Ca, Mg); (c) leaching mineral N from the soil; and (d) production of plant biomass of model plant Lactuca sativa L. Furthermore, the work aims to assess the individual doses of digestate and to determine the optimal one. The above effects were studied within a pot experiment for 63 days in controlled conditions. There were significant differences in Nmin leaching, which was significantly the highest in the variant with the application of a mineral fertilizer and lowest in variants with the application of digestate (variant 150 and 80 kg N ha\u22121) and compost (150 kg N ha\u22121). In terms of soil microbial activity, a significant effect of digestate application (150 kg N ha\u22121) on basal respiration versus the mineral fertilizer application was found (difference &gt; 20%). This dose of digestate also had the highest positive effect on substrate-induced respiration, proven against all other variants, except for the digestate application at 220 kg N ha\u22121. Particularly, as compared with the mere application of mineral fertilizer, the application of digestate dose at 150 kg N ha\u22121 had the best positive effect on plant biomass production (+20%). On the other hand, compost application most positively affected the increase in available contents of nutrients and thus long-term soil fertility. Therefore, the dose of 150 kg N ha\u22121 digestate may represent an interesting alternative to increase actual soil fertility and thus to partially replace conventional mineral nutrition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy10020226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]],"date-time":"2020-02-05T03:18:48Z","timestamp":1580872728000},"page":"226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Comparison of the Agricultural Use of Products from Organic Waste Processing with Conventional Mineral Fertilizer: Potential Effects on Mineral Nitrogen Leaching and Soil Quality"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6401-1516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Elbl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Agricultural Research, Ltd., Zahradn\u00ed 1, 664 41 Troubsko, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"\u0160ime\u010dkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3189-1726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petr","family":"\u0160karpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anton\u00edn","family":"Kintl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research, Ltd., Zahradn\u00ed 1, 664 41 Troubsko, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5237-722X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Brtnick\u00fd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Purky\u0148ova 118, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2384-6207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena Daria","family":"Vaverkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied and Landscape Ecology, Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of AgriSciences, Zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Institute of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences\u2013SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Altieri, M.A., and Nicholls, C.I. (2005). Agroecology and the Search for a Truly Sustainable Agriculture, United Nations Environment Programme. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1007\/s13593-015-0284-3","article-title":"Effects of anaerobic digestion on soil carbon and nitrogen turnover, N emissions, and soil biological activity. A review","volume":"35","year":"2015","journal-title":"Agron. Sustain. Dev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2006.06.006","article-title":"Policy and technological constraints to implementation of greenhouse gas mitigation options in agriculture","volume":"118","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2019.05.026","article-title":"Microbial communities from different soil types respond differently to organic waste input","volume":"143","author":"Hout","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.02.009","article-title":"Evaluation of hormone-like activity of the dissolved organic matter fraction (DOM) of compost and digestate","volume":"514","author":"Scaglia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2014.02.021","article-title":"Soil organic matter and texture affect responses to dry\/wet cycles: Changes in soil organic matter fractions and relationships with C and N mineralisation","volume":"74","author":"Beare","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolf, B., and Snyder, G.H. (2003). Sustainable Soils: The Place of Organic Matter in Sustaining Soils and Their Productivity, CRC Press. [1st ed.].","DOI":"10.1201\/9781482277913"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1890\/03-8002","article-title":"Nitrogen mineralization: Challenges of a changing paradigm","volume":"85","author":"Schimel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Binghamton Sutton, M.A., Howard, C., Erisman, J., Billen, G., Bleeker, A., Grennfelt, P., van Grinsven, H., and Grizzetti, B. (2011). Assessing our nitrogen inheritance and the challenge to integrate nitrogen science and policies: The European Nitrogen Assessment approach. The European Nitrogen Assessment: Sources, Effects and Policy Perspectives, Cambridge University Press. [1st ed.]. pp. 1\u20136 and pp. 82\u201396.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511976988.008"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2015.01.021","article-title":"Changes in microbial community structure and functioning of a semiarid soil due to the use of anaerobic digestate derived composts and rosemary plants","volume":"245\u2013246","author":"Caracciolo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Diaz, L.F., De Bertoldi, M., and Bidlingmaier, W. (2007). Compost Science and Technology, Elsevier Science. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"1446","article-title":"Mineral vs. organic amendments: Microbial community structure, activity and abundance of agriculturally relevant microbes are driven by long-term fertilization strategies","volume":"14","author":"Francioli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2018.02.002","article-title":"Potential carbon sequestration in a Mediterranean organic vegetable cropping system. A model approach for evaluating the effects of compost and Agro-ecological Service Crops (ASCs)","volume":"162","author":"Farina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Agric. Syst."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2013.05.023","article-title":"Increased nitrogen availability in soil after repeated compost applications: Use of the PASTIS model to separate short and long-term effects","volume":"65","author":"Chalhoub","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.770","article-title":"Comparison of slow-release nitrogen yield from organic soil amendments and chemical fertilizers and implications for regeneration of disturbed sites","volume":"132","author":"Claassen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Land Degrad. Dev."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2015.02.001","article-title":"Assessment and mitigation of the environmental burdens to air from land applied food-based digestate","volume":"203","author":"Tiwary","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Pollution."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2013.06.026","article-title":"Chemical characterization of percolate and digestate during the hybrid solid anaerobic digestion batch process","volume":"48","author":"Massaccesi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Process Biochem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2014.04.008","article-title":"Nitrogen and phosphorus leaching losses from intensively manager paddy fields with straw retention","volume":"141","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manag."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2012.09.010","article-title":"Nitrogen balances and yields of spring cereals as affected by nitrogen fertilization in northern conditions: A meta-analysis","volume":"164","author":"Valkama","year":"2013","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"217","article-title":"The evaluation of nitrogen effect on lettuce quality by means of descriptive sensory profiling","volume":"563","author":"Neri","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Hortic."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2010.11.018","article-title":"Evidence of rich microbial communities in the subsoil of boreal acid sulphate soil conductive to greenhouse gas emissions","volume":"140","author":"Virtanen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1080\/00103628409367568","article-title":"Mehlich 3 soil test extractant: A modification of Mehlich 2 extractant. Commun","volume":"15","author":"Mehlich","year":"1984","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Plant Anal."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Zb\u00edral, J. (2002). Analysis of Soils I. Unified Techniques, Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture. [2nd ed.]. (In Czech)."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.11118\/actaun201361010123","article-title":"Effect of nitrogen and Potassium fertilization on micronutrient content in grain maize (Zea mays L.)","volume":"61","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendel. Brun."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-2743.2011.00340.x","article-title":"Effect of cow manure biochar on maize productivity under sandy soil condition","volume":"27","author":"Uzoma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soil Use Manag."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"187","article-title":"The availability of mineral nitrogen in Mediterranean open steppe dominated by Stipa tenacissima L.","volume":"59","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendel. Brun."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10823","DOI":"10.3390\/s130810823","article-title":"Review of methods for sensing the nitrogen status in plants: Advantages, disadvantages and recent advances","volume":"13","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejsobi.2007.05.002","article-title":"Microbial respiration activities of soils from different climatic regions of European Russia","volume":"44","author":"Ananyeva","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Soil Biol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bloem, J., Hopkins, D.W., and Benedetti, A. (2006). Microbiological Methods for Assessing Soil Quality, CABI. [1st ed.].","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851990989.0050"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2009.03.014","article-title":"Significance of organic nitrogen uptake from plant residues by soil microorganisms as affected by carbon and nitrogen availability","volume":"41","author":"Geisseler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2018.11.016","article-title":"Effect of organic matter on phosphorus adsorption and desorption in a black soil from Northeast China","volume":"187","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soil Tillage"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s10333-010-0246-y","article-title":"Nitrogen and phosphorus leaching losses from paddy fields with different water and nitrogen managements","volume":"9","author":"Peng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Paddy Water Environ."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2007.06.034","article-title":"Soil quality and barley growth as influenced by the land application of two compost types","volume":"99","author":"Courtney","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biores. Technol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.05.009","article-title":"Fertilization of maize with compost from cattle manure supple-mented with additional mineral nutrients","volume":"28","author":"Gil","year":"2007","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2537","DOI":"10.1007\/s12649-018-0288-8","article-title":"Valorization of fish waste compost as a fertilizer for agricultural use","volume":"10","author":"Radziemska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Waste Biomass Valori."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-2743.2010.00286.x","article-title":"Compost can successfully replace mineral fertilizers in the nutrient management of commercial peach orchard","volume":"26","author":"Baldi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soil Use Manag."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"2501","article-title":"Interactions between nitrate and ammonium in their uptake, allocation, assimilation, and signaling in plants","volume":"68","author":"Hachiya","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, C.H., Zhang, Z., Wu, Y., and Mwiya, R. (2019). Response of vertical migration and leaching of nitrogen in percolation water of paddy fields under water-saving irrigation and straw return conditions. Water, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/w11040868"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03326003","article-title":"Impact of fertilizer plant effluent on water quality","volume":"5","author":"Obire","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"169","article-title":"Effect of chemical fertilizers on water quality of irrigation reservoir (Kaliasote Reservoir) of Bhopal (M.P.)","volume":"6","author":"Namdev","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. World. Environ."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, S. (2012). Digestate: A new nutrient source\u2014Review. Biogas, IntechOpen. [1st ed.].","DOI":"10.5772\/1793"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.17221\/16\/2016-PSE","article-title":"The effect of fertilisation with digestate on kohlrabi yields and quality","volume":"62","author":"Elbl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plant Soil Environ."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-1987(98)00133-0","article-title":"The effect of urban refuse compost and different tractors tyres on soil physical properties, soil erosion and maize yield","volume":"48","author":"Bazzoffi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Soil Tillage Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S1161-0301(02)00036-9","article-title":"The application of vegetable, fruit and garden waste compost in addition to cattle slurry in a silage maize monoculture: Nitrogen availability and use","volume":"19","author":"Nevens","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Agron."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42247","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42247","article-title":"Nitrate leaching in a winter wheat-summer maize rotation on a calcareous soil as affected by nitrogen and straw management","volume":"7","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2013.10.005","article-title":"A review of the distribution coefficients of trace elements in soils: Influence of sorption system, element characteristics, and soil colloidal properties","volume":"201\u2013202","author":"Shaheen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Chikamatsu, S., Gegen, T., Sawada, K., Toyota, K., Riya, S., and Hosomi, M. (2019). Application of biogas digestate with rice straw mitigates nitrate leaching potential and suppresses root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita). Agronomy, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy9050227"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1002\/jpln.201600241","article-title":"Adani, Nitrogen mineralization from digestate in comparison to sewage sludge, compost and urea in a laboratory incubated soil experiment","volume":"180","author":"Tambone","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1002\/elsc.201100085","article-title":"Effects of anaerobic digestion on digestate nutrient availability and crop growth: A review","volume":"12","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eng. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"Schievano, A., Adani, F., Tambone, F., D\u00b4imporzano, G., Scaglia, B., and Genevini, P.L. (2009). What Is the Digestate?, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Milano. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2012.09.003","article-title":"Effects of digestate from anaerobically digested cattle slurry and plant materials on soil microbial community and emission of CO2 and N2O","volume":"63","author":"Johansen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.17221\/288\/2010-PSE","article-title":"Effect of nitrogen fertilization on metabolisms of essential and non-essential amino acids in field-grown grain maize (Zea mays L.)","volume":"56","author":"Martensson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plant Soil Environ."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"230","article-title":"Effects of compost age on the release of nutrients","volume":"4","author":"Young","year":"2016","journal-title":"ISWCR"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1002\/jpln.200520510","article-title":"Short-term and residual availability of nitrogen after long-term application of organic fertilizers on arable land","volume":"168","author":"Gutser","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez-Monedero, M.A., Cayuela, M.L., S\u00e1nhez-Garcia, M., Vandecasteele, B., D\u2019Hose, T., L\u00f3pez, G., Mart\u00ednez-Gait\u00e1n, C., Kuikman, P.J., Sinicco, T., and Mondini, C. (2019). Agronomic evaluation of biochar, compost and biochar-blended compost across different cropping systems: Perspective from the European project FERTIPLUS. Agronomy, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy9050225"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1007\/s13593-013-0148-7","article-title":"Compost benefits for agriculture evaluated by life cycleassessment. A review","volume":"33","author":"Lazcano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Agron. Sustain. Dev."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2016.02.005","article-title":"Use of compost as an alternative to conventional inorganic fertilizers in intensive lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) crops\u2014Effects on soil and plant","volume":"160","author":"Chocano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Soil Till. Res."}],"container-title":["Agronomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4395\/10\/2\/226\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T08:54:32Z","timestamp":1760172872000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4395\/10\/2\/226"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["agronomy10020226"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/agronomy10020226","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4395"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4395","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]]}}}