{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T18:17:34Z","timestamp":1771611454593,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]],"date-time":"2020-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Agronomy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In 2019, 71 years after the establishment of a static fertiliser experiment, the chemical and biological properties of Luvisol soil with sandy-loam grain-size composition were determined. Soil samples were taken from six fertilised treatments: half-dose nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in mineral fertilisers (\u00bd NPK); full-dose nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK); manure fertilisation + nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and liming (FYM NPK Mg Ca); manure + mineral fertilisers without magnesium and liming (FYM NPK); manure + nitrogen and phosphorus (FYM NP); manure + nitrogen and potassium (FYM NK). The soil was tested in two layers at depths of 0\u201320 cm and 20\u201340 cm. Soil samples were tested for: pH in 1 M KCl (pH); electrical conductivity (EC); organic carbon content (OC); content of available phosphorus (Pa), potassium (Ka), magnesium (Mga) and sulphate sulphur (S-SO4); total number of bacteria (Bt), cellulolytic microorganisms (Bc), fungi (Ff) and actinomycetes (Ac); and alkaline phosphatase (AlP), acid phosphatase (AcP) and arylsulphatase (ArS) activity. The fertilisation that most favourably affected the chemical and biological properties of the soil was FYM NPK Mg Ca. This fertilisation increased: pH and EC; OC, Ka and Mga contents; Bt and Bc abundance; and AlP activity relative to all the methods of mineral and organic\u2013mineral fertilisation that did not include all the ingredients of mineral fertilisers. On the other hand, the least favourable soil properties were formed by \u00bd NPK fertilisation in the 0\u201320 cm layer, and by the long-term use of mineral fertilisers only in the 20\u201340 cm layer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy10101610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]],"date-time":"2020-10-20T09:28:23Z","timestamp":1603186103000},"page":"1610","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Chemical and Biological Properties of Sandy Loam Soil in Response to Long-Term Organic\u2013Mineral Fertilisation in a Warm-Summer Humid Continental Climate"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3772-4574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iwona","family":"Jaskulska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, UTP University of Science and Technology, Profesora Sylwestra Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7235-3903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Lemanowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biogeochemistry and Soil Science, UTP University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Bernardy\u0144ska 6, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Breza-Boruta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, UTP University of Science and Technology, Bernardy\u0144ska 6, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4408-4632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anetta","family":"Siwik-Ziomek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biogeochemistry and Soil Science, UTP University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Bernardy\u0144ska 6, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3526-5944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maja","family":"Radziemska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5158-3742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaskulski","family":"Dariusz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, UTP University of Science and Technology, Profesora Sylwestra Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mateusz","family":"Bia\u0142ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research &amp; Development Centre, Ko\u015bcielna 1, \u015amielin, 89-110 Sadki, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj2009.0182","article-title":"Long-term fertilizer experiment network in China: Crop yields and soil nutrient trends","volume":"102","author":"Zhao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Agron. 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