{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T16:42:52Z","timestamp":1788194572893,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]],"date-time":"2020-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81270439"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81270439"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"PhD Start-up Fund of Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy","award":["906\/24030042 906\/24030103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["906\/24030042 906\/24030103"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Testes produce sperm, and investigations into gene expression in the testes will enhance the understanding of the roles of testicular genes in male reproduction. Cryptorchidism, the failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotal sac, is a common congenital malformation in horses. The major clinical consequence of this abnormality is impaired fertility. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression patterns of testicular genes and to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in testes between cryptorchid and normal horses. In this study, the gene expression patterns in equine testes and the DEGs between mature descended testes (DTs) and undescended testes (UDTs) were identified by RNA-seq and validated by real-time qPCR. Our results provide comprehensive transcriptomic data on equine testes. The transcriptomic analysis revealed 11 affected genes that were downregulated in UDTs, possibly as a result of the higher temperature in the abdomen than in the scrotal sac. These 11 genes have previously been associated with male reproduction, and their downregulation might explain the impaired fertility of cryptorchid horses. Two homozygous missense mutations detected in horses with cryptorchidism were absent in normal horses and were listed as potential pathogenic mutations; these mutations should be verified in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10010102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]],"date-time":"2020-01-09T03:07:11Z","timestamp":1578539231000},"page":"102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Transcriptomic Analysis of Testicular Gene Expression in Normal and Cryptorchid Horses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Haoyuan","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&amp;F University, Yangling 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&amp;F University, Yangling 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&amp;F University, Yangling 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wantao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Genetic Protection Engineering Research Center for Livestock and Poultry, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruihua","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&amp;F University, Yangling 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1647-1037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuzhao","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&amp;F University, Yangling 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"629","article-title":"Secretion of testosterone by the eutopio and the cryptorchid testes in the same dog","volume":"144","year":"1966","journal-title":"Can. 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