{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:31:12Z","timestamp":1787027472826,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]],"date-time":"2020-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Special Fund For Modern Agriculture Industry Technology Innovation Teams","award":["2019KJ115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019KJ115"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010256","name":"Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201707020007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201707020007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010256","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Talent Project of the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences","award":["201803"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201803"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of citrus extract (CE) on plasma free amino acids, intestinal morphology and enzymes activity, fecal nitrogen and phosphorus emissions in piglets. The experiment was performed on 144 weaned piglets (Duroc \u00d7 Landrace \u00d7 Large White) divided into three groups. Control (CON), fed a basic diet; Antibiotic (ANTI), fed a basic diet supplemented with 75 g\/t chlortetracycline; Citrus extract (CE), fed a basic diet supplemented with 300 mL\/t CE. The albumin content of the CE group was significantly higher than the CON group. Compared with the CON and ANTI groups, the CE group had increased concentrations of plasma total essential amino acids and threonine. Compared with the CON group, CE increased the \u03b1-aminoadipic acid concentration, while compared with ANTI group, it increased the 3-methylhistidine concentration. Compared with the CON group, the crypt depth of duodenum, jejunum and ileum decreased, and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth of ileum increased in the ANTI and CE groups. CE increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase and lipase in duodenum, and the activity of alkaline phosphatase and trypsin in jejunum. In brief, CE improved the absorption and utilization of nitrogen, intestinal morphology and digestive enzymes activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10010112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]],"date-time":"2020-01-10T10:20:29Z","timestamp":1578651629000},"page":"112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Citrus Extract Improves the Absorption and Utilization of Nitrogen and Gut Health of Piglets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Yiyan","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhimei","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianyong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weidong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-1891-4-19","article-title":"The biological stress of early weaned piglets","volume":"4","author":"Campbell","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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