{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T01:39:08Z","timestamp":1778636348703,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]],"date-time":"2020-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We aimed to investigate the prevalence, molecular characteristics and risk factors of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) shedding in horses. A prospective study included three cohorts: (i) farm horses (13 farms, n = 192); (ii) on hospital admission (n = 168) and; (iii) horses hospitalized for \u226572 h re-sampled from cohort (ii) (n = 86). Enriched rectal swabs were plated, ESBL-production was confirmed (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)) and genes were identified (polymerase chain reaction (PCR)). Identification and antibiotic susceptibility were determined (Vitek-2). Medical records and owners\u2019 questionnaires were analyzed. Shedding rates increased from 19.6% (n = 33\/168) on admission to 77.9% (n = 67\/86) during hospitalization (p &lt; 0.0001, odds ratio (OR) = 12.12). Shedding rate in farms was 20.8% (n = 40\/192), significantly lower compared to hospitalized horses (p &lt; 0.0001). The main ESBL-E species (n = 192 isolates) were E. coli (59.9%, 115\/192), Enterobacter sp. (17.7%, 34\/192) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.0%, 25\/192). The main gene group was CTX-M-1 (56.8%). A significant increase in resistance rates to chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, nitrofurantoin, and trimethoprim-sulpha was identified during hospitalization. Risk factors for shedding in farms included breed (Arabian, OR = 3.9), sex (stallion, OR = 3.4), and antibiotic treatment (OR = 9.8). Older age was identified as a protective factor (OR = 0.88). We demonstrated an ESBL-E reservoir in equine cohorts, with a significant ESBL-E acquisition, which increases the necessity to implement active surveillance and antibiotic stewardship programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10020282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]],"date-time":"2020-02-11T11:45:30Z","timestamp":1581421530000},"page":"282","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Shedding in Farm Horses Versus Hospitalized Horses: Prevalence and Risk Factors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Anat","family":"Shnaiderman-Torban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Koret School of Veterinary Medicine (KSVM), The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiri","family":"Navon-Venezia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel"},{"name":"The Miriam and Sheldon Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziv","family":"Dor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yossi","family":"Paitan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"},{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Lab, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba 4428164, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haia","family":"Arielly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Lab, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba 4428164, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wiessam","family":"Abu Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gal","family":"Kelmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Koret School of Veterinary Medicine (KSVM), The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Fulde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Department of Veterinary Medicine at the Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin 14163 Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0984-6822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir","family":"Steinman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Koret School of Veterinary Medicine (KSVM), The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2007.04.027","article-title":"Characteristics of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from horses","volume":"124","author":"Vo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.4.657-686.2005","article-title":"Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamases: A Clinical Update","volume":"18","author":"Paterson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. 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Open"}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/10\/2\/282\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T08:56:57Z","timestamp":1760173017000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/10\/2\/282"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["ani10020282"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani10020282","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]]}}}