{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T05:08:18Z","timestamp":1782450498292,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,4]],"date-time":"2020-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite being common amongst carnivore mammals, behavioral interference between wild herbivore species is poorly documented. Particularly, in temperate areas, where the ungulate guild is composed of a few species, and large-sized rodents are scarce, most cases of interspecific interactions involve at least one alien species. In this work, we report the first data on behavioral interactions between roe deer, Capreolus capreolus, and crested porcupine, Hystrix cristata. Aggressions by crested porcupines toward roe deer were observed in 34 out of 202 observations of both species feeding at the same site. In the other 168 observations, roe deer and porcupines shared the same feeding area, without any interaction. In 58% cases of interaction, porcupines chased and pushed roe deer away from feeding areas, and in several other cases, roe deer were bitten, or injured with quills. Aggressions by porcupines occurred mostly during warm months, when roe deer are mostly solitary and when competition for food between these species is suggested to be the highest, and against single female individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10040623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]],"date-time":"2020-04-07T03:58:39Z","timestamp":1586231919000},"page":"623","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Interspecific Aggressions between Crested Porcupines and Roe Deer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9556-6204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Lazzeri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit in Behavioural Ecology and Wildlife Management, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Senini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 43, 40064 Ozzano dell\u2019Emilia (Bologna), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8108-7950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emiliano","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit in Behavioural Ecology and Wildlife Management, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2008.11.003","article-title":"Tourists\u2019 support for conservation messages and sustainable management practices in wildlife tourism experiences","volume":"30","author":"Ballantyne","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tour. Manag."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ecolsys-102209-144636","article-title":"Citizen science as an ecological research tool: Challenges and benefits","volume":"41","author":"Dickinson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bik, H.M., and Goldstein, M.C. (2013). An introduction to social media for scientists. 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