{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T10:45:51Z","timestamp":1782125151818,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]],"date-time":"2020-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004569","name":"Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wy\u017cszego","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Regional lnitiative of Excellence\" for the years 2019-2022, Project No. 010\/RID\/2018\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Regional lnitiative of Excellence\" for the years 2019-2022, Project No. 010\/RID\/2018\/19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A total of 240 samples were evaluated for the presence of Campylobacter spp. Campylobacter was found in 83.3% of the cecum contents samples and 52.5% of the neck skin samples from carcasses. The prevailing species was C. jejuni, accounting for 87.7% of all Campylobacter isolates, and the remaining 12.3% of isolates were C. coli. All Campylobacter isolates, independent of the sample origin and species, were positive for 6 out of 15 tested genes (flaA, flhA, cadF, racR, ciaB, and cdtA genes). The prevalence of dnaJ, docA, pldA, cdtB, cdtC, and iam genes was also very common (ranging from 86.5% to 98.8%). The lowest prevalence was noted for virB11 and wlaN genes, both in Campylobacter isolates from cecum (12% and 19%) and carcasses (11.1% and 17.5%). None of the isolates tested, regardless of the sample origin, carried the cgtB gene. The highest resistance rates were observed for quinolones (90.8%) and tetracyclines (79.8%). Simultaneously, only single Campylobacter isolate was resistant to macrolides (0.6%) and none of the isolates showed resistance to aminoglycosides and amphenicols. The common presence of Campylobacter on geese carcasses as well as the detection of multidrug-resistant isolates indicate that consuming goose meat might cause a potential risk, therefore leading to human campylobacteriosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10040742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]],"date-time":"2020-04-24T11:42:14Z","timestamp":1587728534000},"page":"742","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Properties of Campylobacter Spp. Originating from Domestic Geese in Poland"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4769-0523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beata","family":"Wysok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-917 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4216-8368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Wojtacka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-917 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Wiszniewska-\u0141aszczych","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-917 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Szteyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-917 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"378","article-title":"Importance of foodborne diseases","volume":"4","year":"2015","journal-title":"Meso"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1258\/0007142001902842","article-title":"Economic aspects of food-borne outbreaks and their control","volume":"56","author":"Roberts","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"373","article-title":"Campylobacter outbreak due to chicken consumption at an Australian Capital Territory restaurant","volume":"30","author":"Black","year":"2006","journal-title":"Commun. Dis. Intell."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.11.019","article-title":"Campylobacteriosis: The role of poultry meat","volume":"22","author":"Skarp","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268816002375","article-title":"Poultry: The most common food in outbreaks with known pathogens, United States, 1998\u20132012","volume":"145","author":"Chai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Althaus, D., Zweifel, C., and Stephan, R. (2017). Analysis of a poultry slaughter process: Influence of process stages on the microbiological contamination of broiler carcasses. Ital. J. Food Saf., 6.","DOI":"10.4081\/ijfs.2017.7097"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-83822005000200011","article-title":"Sources of poultry meat contamination with thermophilic with thermophilic Campylobacter before slaughter","volume":"36","author":"Franchin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brazilian, J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00006-15","article-title":"Global epidemiology of Campylobacter infection","volume":"38","author":"Kaakoush","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/157.3.472","article-title":"Experimental Campylobacter jejuni infection in humans","volume":"157","author":"Black","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026881000292X","article-title":"Contamination level and ingestion dose of foodborne pathogens associated with infections","volume":"139","author":"Takatori","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2011.191","article-title":"The clinical importance of emerging Campylobacter species","volume":"8","author":"Man","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Nachamkin, I., and Blaser, M.J. (2000). Campylobacter jejuni infection and the association with Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome. Campylobacter, ASM Press. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wieczorek, K., Wo\u0142kowicz, T., and Osek, J. (2019). flaA-SVR Based genetic diversity of multiresistant Campylobacter jejuni isolated from chickens and humans. Front. Microbiol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01176"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.02020.x","article-title":"Phase variation of a beta-1,3 galactosyltransferase involved in generation of the ganglioside GM1-like lipo-oligosaccharide of Campylobacter jejuni","volume":"37","author":"Linton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.05056-0","article-title":"Prevalence of 11 pathogenic genes of Campylobacter jejuni by PCR in strains isolated from humans, poultry meat and broiler and bovine faeces","volume":"52","author":"Datta","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.17795\/iji-37727","article-title":"Prevalence of seven virulence genes of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from patients with diarrhea in Rosario, Argentina","volume":"3","author":"Casabonne","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Redondo, N., Carroll, A., and McNamara, E. (2019). Molecular characterization of Campylobacter causing human clinical infection using whole-genome sequencing: Virulence, antimicrobial resistance and phylogeny in Ireland. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0219088"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guirado, P., Paytubi, S., Mir\u00f3, E., Iglesias-Torrens, Y., Navarro, F., Cerd\u00e0-Cu\u00e9llar, M., Stephan-Otto Attolini, C., Balsalobre, C., and Madrid, C. (2020). Differential distribution of the wlaN and cgtB genes, associated with Guillain-Barr\u00e9 Syndrome, in Campylobacter jejuni isolates from humans, broiler chickens, and wild birds. Microorganisms, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8030325"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.2217\/17460913.4.2.189","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter emergence, transmission and persistence","volume":"4","author":"Luangtongkum","year":"2009","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nachamkin, I., Szymanski, C.M., and Blaser, M.J. (2008). Clinical aspects of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli infections. Campylobacter, American Society for Microbiology.","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555815554"},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"ISO 10272-1:2017 (2017). Microbiology of the Food Chain\u2014Horizontal Method for Detection and Enumeration of Campylobacter spp.\u2014Part 1: Detection Method, ISO."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"797","article-title":"Multiplex PCR assays for simultaneous identification of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli","volume":"61","author":"Wieczorek","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med. Weter."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"123","article-title":"PCR detection of virulence-associated genes in Campylobacter jejuni strains with differential ability to invade Caco-2 cells and to colonize the chick gut","volume":"13","author":"Schulze","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.71.839","article-title":"PCR detection of four virulence-associated genes of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from Thai broilers and their abilities of adhesion to and invasion of INT-407 cells","volume":"71","author":"Chansiripornchai","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-4143-1_22","article-title":"Identification of proteins required for the internalization of Campylobacter jejuni into cultured mammalian cells","volume":"473","author":"Konkel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.4.1353-1359.2001","article-title":"Molecular characterization of invasive and noninvasive Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates","volume":"39","author":"Carvalho","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.12.057","article-title":"Detection of virulence genes determining the ability to adhere and invade in Campylobacter spp. from cattle and swine in Poland","volume":"115","author":"Wysok","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2016). Methods for Antimicrobial Dilution and Disk Susceptibility Testing of Infrequently Isolated or Fastidious Bacteria, CLSI."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (2010). Analysis of the baseline survey on the prevalence of Campylobacter in broiler batches and of Campylobacter and Salmonella on broiler carcasses in the EU, 2008\u2014Part A: Campylobacter and Salmonella prevalence estimates. EFSA J., 8.","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2010.1503"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-14-353","article-title":"Prevalence of Campylobacter species in retail chicken, turkey, pork, and beef meat in Poland between 2009 and 2013","volume":"78","author":"Korsak","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2009.0421","article-title":"Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter species isolated from raw camel, beef, lamb, and goat meat in Iran","volume":"7","author":"Rahimi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Foodb. Pathog. Dis."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2003.10.018","article-title":"Occurrence of Campylobacter in retail foods in Ireland","volume":"95","author":"Whyte","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, J., Park, H., Kim, J., Kim, J.H., Jung, J.I., Cho, S., Ryu, S., and Jeon, B. (2019). Comparative analysis of aerotolerance, antibiotic resistance, and virulence gene prevalence in Campylobacter jejuni isolates from retail raw chicken and duck meat in South Korea. Microorganisms, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7100433"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1080\/09603120802100220","article-title":"Prevalence, characterization and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter and Salmonella in raw poultry meat in the UK, 20032\u2013005","volume":"18","author":"Little","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Health Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2008.01185.x","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for bacterial food-borne zoonotic hazards in slaughter pigs: A review","volume":"56","author":"Fosse","year":"2009","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2008.09.001","article-title":"Incidence and ecology of Campylobacter jejuni and coli in animals","volume":"15","author":"Horrocks","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01220-10","article-title":"Enteric campylobacteria and RNA viruses associated with healthy and diarrheic humans in the Chinook Heath Region of Southwestern Alberta, Canada","volume":"49","author":"Inglis","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1637\/0005-2086(2002)046[0219:DPCRDO]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Direct polymerase chain reaction detection of Campylobacter spp. in poultry hatchery samples","volume":"46","author":"Hiett","year":"2002","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.4.1761-1771.2002","article-title":"Identification of motility and autoagglutination Campylobacter jejuni mutants by random transposon mutagenesis","volume":"70","author":"Golden","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-016-0100-x","article-title":"Genotyping and antibiotic resistance of thermophilic Campylobacter isolated from chicken and pig meat in Vietnam","volume":"8","author":"Nguyen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut Pathog."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000424","article-title":"Pathogenic potential and genotypic diversity of Campylobacter jejuni: A neglected food-borne pathogen in Brazil","volume":"66","author":"Frazao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-67.10.2171","article-title":"Detection of seven virulence and toxin genes of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from Danish turkeys by PCR and cytolethal distending toxin production of the isolates","volume":"67","author":"Bang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2007.09.006","article-title":"Campylobacter flagella: Not just for motility","volume":"15","author":"Guerry","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13614","article-title":"Relaxation of DNA supercoiling leads to increased invasion of epithelial cells and protein secretion by Campylobacter jejuni","volume":"104","author":"Scanlan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.04744.x","article-title":"Identification of a fibronectin binding domain within the Campylobacter jejuni CadF protein","volume":"57","author":"Konkel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2007.00802.x","article-title":"Expression patterns and role of the CadF protein in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli","volume":"274","author":"Oyarzabal","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"1225","article-title":"JlpA, a novel surface exposed lipoprotein specific to Campylobacter jejuni, mediates adherence to host epithelial cells","volume":"39","author":"Jin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"25","article-title":"Genes coding for virulence determinants of Campylobacter jejuni in human clinical and cattle isolates from Alberta, Canada, and their potential role in colonization of poultry","volume":"14","author":"Biswas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wieczorek, K., Wolkowicz, T., and Osek, J. (2018). Antimicrobial resistance and virulence-associated traits of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from poultry food chain and humans with diarrhea. Front. Microbiol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01508"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4384","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.8.4384-4390.2000","article-title":"Involvement of a plasmid in virulence of Campylobacter jejuni 81\u2013176","volume":"68","author":"Bacon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2013.02.032","article-title":"Campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from chicken meat harbour several virulence factors and represent a potential risk to humans","volume":"33","author":"Melo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Control."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4358","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.7.4358-4365.2001","article-title":"CdtA, CdtB, and CdtC form a tripartite complex that is required for cytolethal distending toxin activity","volume":"69","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.45988-0","article-title":"Prevalence of potential virulence markers in Polish Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates obtained from hospitalized children and from chicken carcasses","volume":"54","author":"Rozynek","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2016.02.414","article-title":"Campylobacter jejuni infection and Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome: An emerging cause of acute flaccid paralysis after the eradication of poliomyelitis in Bangladesh","volume":"45","author":"Islam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Wegener, H. (2012). Antibitiotic Resistance\u2014Linking Humans and Animal Health. Improving Food Safety Through a One Health Approach: Workshop Summary, National Academies Press."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl210","article-title":"Macrolide resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli","volume":"58","author":"Gibreel","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2015.02.006","article-title":"A five-year study on prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter from poultry carcasses in Poland","volume":"49","author":"Wieczorek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"190","article-title":"Trends in the occurrence and characteristics of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates from poultry meat in Northern Poland","volume":"51","author":"Andrzejewska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh422","article-title":"A European survey of antimicrobial susceptibility among zoonotic and commensal bacteria isolated from food-producing animals","volume":"54","author":"Bywater","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1086\/503426","article-title":"Low-level fluoroquinolone resistance among Campylobacter jejuni isolates in Australia","volume":"42","author":"Unicomb","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2012.05354.x","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibilities and resistance genes in Campylobacter strains isolated from poultry and pigs in Australia","volume":"113","author":"Obeng","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-736X2015000700006","article-title":"Resistance to \u03b2-lactam and tetracycline in Campylobacter spp. isolated from broiler slaughterhouses in southern Brazil","volume":"35","author":"Morgan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pesq. Vet. Bras."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2001.01293.x","article-title":"The isolation and characterization of Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni from domestic geese (Anser anser)","volume":"90","author":"Aydin","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1472-765X.2003.01308.x","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates from broiler chickens isolated at an Irish poultry processing plant","volume":"36","author":"Fallon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lett. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2014.09.016","article-title":"Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter species isolates in ducks and geese","volume":"50","author":"Jamali","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Control."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.50.2.778-780.2006","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from poultry from Alberta, Canada","volume":"50","author":"Kos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1637\/10135-031912-Reg.1","article-title":"Determination of antimicrobial sensitivities of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from commercial turkey farms in Germany","volume":"56","author":"Hotzel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wieczorek, K., Bocian, \u0141., and Osek, J. (2020). Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter isolated from carcasses of chickens slaughtered in Poland\u2014a retrospective study. Food Control., 12.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2020.107159"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.5897\/AJMR2015.8329","article-title":"Multidrug resistant Campylobacter in faecal and carcasses of commercially produced poultry","volume":"11","author":"Karikari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Afr. J. Microbiol. Res."}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/10\/4\/742\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T14:09:12Z","timestamp":1760364552000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/10\/4\/742"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["ani10040742"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani10040742","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]]}}}