{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T09:22:34Z","timestamp":1792660954310,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":144,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-typhoidal Salmonella is a major zoonotic pathogen that plays a significant role in foodborne human salmonellosis worldwide through the consumption of contaminated foods, particularly those of animal origin. Despite a considerable reduction in human salmonellosis outbreaks in developed countries, Australia is experiencing a continuous rise of such outbreaks in humans. This review of the literature highlights the reported non-typhoidal Salmonella outbreaks in humans as well as the occurrence of the pathogen in foods from animal sources throughout Australia. Non-typhoidal Salmonella infections from food animals are more often associated with at-risk people, such as immunocompromised and aged people or children. Although several animal-sourced foods were recognised as the catalysts for salmonellosis outbreaks in Australia, egg and egg-based products remained the most implicated foods in the reported outbreaks. This review further highlights the antimicrobial resistance trends of non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates at the human\u2013food interface, with a focus on clinically important antimicrobials in humans, by collating evidence from previous investigations in Australia. The rise in antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella, especially to antimicrobials commonly prescribed to treat human salmonellosis, has become a significant global public health concern. However, the overall prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Australia is considerably lower than in other parts of the world, particularly in terms of critically important antimicrobials for the treatment of human salmonellosis. The present review adds to our understanding of the global epidemiology of non-typhoidal Salmonella with emphasis on the past few decades in Australia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10071192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T11:03:23Z","timestamp":1594724603000},"page":"1192","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Non-Typhoidal Salmonella at the Human-Food-of-Animal-Origin Interface in Australia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Hamid Reza","family":"Sodagari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penghao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4255-4752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ihab","family":"Habib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia"},{"name":"Veterinary Medicine Department, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain P.O. Box 1555, UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7362-8323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shafi","family":"Sahibzada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Guerrant, R., Walker, D., and Weller, P. (2011). Nontyphoidal salmonellosis. Tropical Infectious Diseases, Elsevier Health Sciences. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/169.3.547","article-title":"Outbreaks of Salmonella enteritidis infections in the United States, 1985\u20131991","volume":"169","author":"Mishu","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.87.4.580","article-title":"A community waterborne outbreak of salmonellosis and the effectiveness of a boil water order","volume":"87","author":"Angulo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2010.0787","article-title":"Global monitoring of Salmonella serovar distribution from the World Health Organization global foodborne infections network country data bank: Results of quality assured laboratories from 2001 to 2007","volume":"8","author":"Hendriksen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog. Dis."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barrow, P.A., and Methner, U. (2013). Salmonella virulence mechanisms and their genetic basis. Salmonella in Domestic Animals, CAB International. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.1079\/9781845939021.0000"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uche, I.V., MacLennan, C.A., and Saul, A. (2017). A systematic review of the incidence, risk factors and case fatality rates of invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) disease in Africa (1966 to 2014). PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005118"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1080\/21553769.2015.1051243","article-title":"Salmonella: A review on pathogenesis, epidemiology and antibiotic resistance","volume":"8","author":"Eng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0b013e3282f21388","article-title":"Pathogenesis of enteric Salmonella infections","volume":"24","author":"Grassl","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suez, J., Porwollik, S., Dagan, A., Marzel, A., Schorr, Y.I., Desai, P.T., Agmon, V., McClell, M., Rahav, G., and Gal-Mor, O. (2013). Virulence gene profiling and pathogenicity characterization of non-typhoidal Salmonella accounted for invasive disease in humans. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058449"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02012-17","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02012-17","article-title":"Increasing antimicrobial resistance in nontyphoidal Salmonella isolates in Australia from 1979 to 2015","volume":"62","author":"Williamson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"495","article-title":"Preliminary incidence and trends of infection with pathogens transmitted commonly through food\u2014Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 10 U.S. Sites, 2006\u20132014","volume":"64","author":"Crim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30130","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.6.30130","article-title":"Inverse trends of Campylobacter and Salmonella in Swiss surveillance data, 1988\u20132013","volume":"21","author":"Schmutz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"DTU Food (2014). Annual Report on Zoonoses in Denmark 2013, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"277","article-title":"An outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium phage type 99 linked to a hotel buffet in Victoria","volume":"25","author":"Greig","year":"2001","journal-title":"Commun. Dis. Intell. Q. Rep."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"E16","article-title":"An outbreak of salmonellosis associated with duck prosciutto at a Northern Territory restaurant","volume":"41","author":"Draper","year":"2017","journal-title":"Commun. Dis. Intell. Q. Rep."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268817000693","article-title":"Epidemiology and whole genome sequencing of an ongoing point-source Salmonella Agona outbreak associated with sushi consumption in western Sydney, Australia 2015","volume":"145","author":"Thompson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"E290","article-title":"An outbreak of Salmonella Muenchen after consuming sea turtle, Northern Territory, Australia, 2017","volume":"41","author":"Draper","year":"2017","journal-title":"Commun. Dis. Intell. Q. Rep."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.12444","article-title":"Bayesian source attribution of salmonellosis in South Australia","volume":"36","author":"Glass","year":"2016","journal-title":"Risk Anal."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2015.2110","article-title":"Salmonella Typhimurium and outbreaks of egg-associated disease in Australia, 2001 to 2011","volume":"13","author":"Moffatt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog. Dis."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"OzFoodNet Working Group (2016). OzFoodNet quarterly report, 1 April to 30 June 2014. Commun. Dis. Intell. Q. Rep., 40, E290\u2013E296."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01333-10","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance among invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica isolates in the United States: National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System, 1996 to 2007","volume":"55","author":"Crump","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.04203-14","article-title":"Trends in serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility in Salmonella enterica isolates from humans in Belgium, 2009 to 2013","volume":"59","author":"Ceyssens","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"World Health Organisation (2014). Antimicrobial Resistance, World Health Organisation. Available online: http:\/\/www.who.int\/drugresistance\/documents\/surveillancereport\/en\/."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (2020, May 10). Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States 2013, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugresistance\/pdf\/ar-threats-2013-508.pdf."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ford, L., Glass, K., Veitch, M., Wardell, R., Polkinghorne, B., Dobbins, T., Lal, A., and Kirk, M.D. (2016). Increasing incidence of Salmonella in Australia, 2000\u20132013. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163989"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"49","article-title":"Egg-associated Salmonella outbreak in an aged care facility, New South Wales, 2008","volume":"33","author":"Campbell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Commun. Dis. Intell. Q. Rep."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"41","article-title":"A large point-source outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium phage type 9 linked to a bakery in Sydney, March 2007","volume":"34","author":"Mannes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Commun. Dis. Intell. Q. Rep."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Victorian Government Department of Human Services (2011). Surveillance of Notifiable Infectious Diseases in Victoria 1997."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"16","article-title":"A large point-source outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium linked to chicken, pork and salad rolls from a Vietnamese bakery in Sydney","volume":"3","author":"Norton","year":"2012","journal-title":"West. Pac. Surveill. Response J."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5365\/wpsar.2016.7.2.007","article-title":"A Salmonella Typhimurium outbreak linked to Vietnamese bread rolls in South Western Sydney, Australia, 2015","volume":"8","author":"Chandra","year":"2017","journal-title":"West. Pac. Surveill. Response J."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-017-0088-x","article-title":"Foodborne illness outbreak investigation in a high-profile sports club","volume":"3","author":"Cavanagh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sports Med.-Open"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2011.0918","article-title":"An outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium 108\/170 at a privately catered barbeque at a Sydney sports club","volume":"8","author":"Jardine","year":"2011","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog. Dis."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"99","article-title":"An investigation of Salmonella Typhimurium linked to contaminated eggs on the Central Coast of NSW, 2008","volume":"24","author":"Craig","year":"2013","journal-title":"NSW Public Health Bull."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"508","article-title":"Outbreak of Salmonella Potsdam associated with salad dressing at a restaurant","volume":"27","author":"Unicomb","year":"2003","journal-title":"Commun. Dis. Intell. Q. Rep."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"(2002). National Enteric Pathogen Surveillance Scheme (NEPSS) Data, Microbiological Diagnostic Unit, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268807008813","article-title":"A Salmonella Typhimurium 197 outbreak linked to the consumption of lambs\u2019 liver in Sydney, NSW","volume":"136","author":"Hess","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1086\/647565","article-title":"A mixed foodborne outbreak with Salmonella Heidelberg and Campylobacter jejuni in a nursing home","volume":"18","author":"Layton","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect. Control. Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"28","article-title":"Protracted outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium definite phage type 170 food poisoning related to tripe, \u2018pig bag\u2019, and chitterlings","volume":"1","author":"Cornell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Commun. Dis. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.1530","article-title":"Characterisation of novel strains of multiply antibiotic-resistant Salmonella recovered from poultry in Southern Senegal","volume":"6","author":"Dione","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dev. Ctries."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-11-363","article-title":"Salmonella prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility from the national animal health monitoring system swine 2000 and 2006 studies","volume":"75","author":"Haley","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-72.6.1279","article-title":"Prevalence of Salmonella in vegetables from Mexico","volume":"72","author":"Carlos","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810002360","article-title":"Salmonella enterica serovar Agona European outbreak associated with a food company","volume":"139","author":"Nicolay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2009-00389","article-title":"Molecular analysis of Salmonella serotypes at different stages of commercial turkey processing","volume":"89","author":"Anderson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000253219.06258.23","article-title":"Two consecutive large outbreaks of Salmonella enterica serotype Agona infections in infants linked to the consumption of powdered infant formula","volume":"26","author":"Brouard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediat. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2012.03.012","article-title":"Influence of serotype on the growth kinetics and the ability to form biofilms of Salmonella isolates from poultry","volume":"31","author":"Capita","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"The National Enteric Pathogens Surveillance System (NEPSS) (2006). Communicable diseases surveillance\u2013Additional reports. Commun. Dis. Intell. Q. Rep., 30, 486\u2013494."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"101","article-title":"An outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium linked to a kebab takeaway shop","volume":"36","author":"Torres","year":"2012","journal-title":"Commun. Dis. Intell. Q. Rep."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2706","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2015.1113928","article-title":"Salmonella typhimurium in the Australian egg industry: Multidisciplinary approach to addressing the public health challenge and future directions","volume":"57","author":"Chousalkar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"NSW Government (2020, June 15). Food Authority. Annual Report, 2018\u20132019, Available online: https:\/\/www.foodauthority.nsw.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/2020-01\/annual_report_2018_19.pdf."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"514","article-title":"Salmonella typhimurium U290 outbreak linked to a bakery","volume":"27","author":"Tomaska","year":"2003","journal-title":"Commun. Dis. Intell. Q. Rep."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kenny, B., Miller, M.J., McEvoy, V., Centofanti, A., Stevens, C.P., and Housen, T. (2019). A protracted outbreak of Salmonella Hessarek infection associated with one brand of eggs\u2014South Australia, March 2017-July 2018. Commun. Dis. Intell. (2018), 43.","DOI":"10.33321\/cdi.2018.42.22"},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics (2018, August 08). 3101.0-Australian Demographic Statistics, Dec 2013 [Internet] Canberra. 2014 [Revised 24 September 2014], Available online: http:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/AUSSTATS\/abs@.nsf\/allprimarymainfeatures\/FA627CA7C5708380CA257D5D0015EB95?opendocument."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"285","article-title":"Outbreak of gastroenteritis due to Salmonella typhimurium phage type I 35a following consumption of raw egg","volume":"26","author":"Hall","year":"2002","journal-title":"Commun. Dis. Intell. Q. Rep."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"38","article-title":"An outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium phage type 135 infection linked to the consumption of raw shell eggs in an aged care facility","volume":"26","author":"Tribe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Commun. Dis. Intell. Q. Rep."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"102","article-title":"Salmonella Zanzibar in rural South Australia","volume":"25","author":"Tribe","year":"2001","journal-title":"Commun. Dis. Intell. Q. Rep."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"513","article-title":"An outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium phage type 4 linked to cold set cheesecake","volume":"27","author":"Fielding","year":"2003","journal-title":"Commun. Dis. Intell. Q. Rep."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"443","article-title":"An outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium phage type 64 gastroenteritis linked to catered luncheons in Adelaide, South Australia, June 2005","volume":"30","author":"Moffatt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Commun. Dis. Intell. Q. Rep."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"192","article-title":"Outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium phage type 44 infection among attendees of a wedding reception, April 2009","volume":"35","author":"Denehy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Commun. Dis. Intell. Q. Rep."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"257","article-title":"An outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium phage type 135a in a child care centre","volume":"27","author":"McCall","year":"2003","journal-title":"Commun. Dis. Intell. Q. Rep."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"83","article-title":"A cluster of Salmonella Typhimurium phage type U307 associated with a restaurant","volume":"29","author":"Quinn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Commun. Dis. Intell. Q. Rep."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"527","article-title":"Outbreak of Salmonella Singapore associated with eating sushi","volume":"28","author":"Barralet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Commun. Dis. Intell. Q. Rep."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"118","article-title":"Large outbreaks of Salmonella Typhimurium phage type 135 infections associated with the consumption of products containing raw egg in Tasmania","volume":"31","author":"Stephens","year":"2007","journal-title":"Commun. Dis. Intell. Q. Rep."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"466","article-title":"Recurring outbreaks of Salmonella typhimurium phage type 135 associated with the consumption of products containing raw egg in Tasmania","volume":"32","author":"Stephens","year":"2008","journal-title":"Commun. Dis. Intell. Q. Rep."},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"E281","article-title":"An outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium phage type 135a gastroenteritis linked to eggs served at an Australian Capital Territory caf\u00e9","volume":"36","author":"Moffatt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Commun. Dis. Intell. Q. Rep."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"414","article-title":"Outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium 44 related to egg consumption","volume":"33","author":"Dyda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Commun. Dis. Intell. Q. Rep."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"329","article-title":"An outbreak of gastroenteritis due to Salmonella Typhimurium phage type 170 associated with consumption of a dessert containing raw egg","volume":"34","author":"Reynolds","year":"2010","journal-title":"Commun. Dis. Intell. Q. Rep."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-72.5.1094","article-title":"An outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Litchfield infection in Australia linked to consumption of contaminated papaya","volume":"72","author":"Gibbs","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"ref_68","unstructured":"The OzFoodNet Working Group (2003). OzFoodNet: Enhancing foodborne disease surveillance across Australia: Quarterly report, 1 July to 30 September 2003. Commun. Dis. Intell. Q. Rep., 27, 504\u2013507."},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"124","article-title":"An outbreak of Salmonella Litchfield on a car rally, Northern Territory, 2009","volume":"34","author":"Wallace","year":"2010","journal-title":"Commun. Dis. Intell. Q. Rep."},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"1149","article-title":"Turtle-Associated Salmonellosis, United States, 2006\u20132014","volume":"22","author":"Bosch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_71","unstructured":"United States Food & Drug Administration (2019, July 14). Title 21, Code of Federal Regulation, Part 1240.62\u2013Turtles Intrastate and Interstate Requirements. Code of Federal Regulations (US), Available online: https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/scripts\/cdrh\/cfdocs\/cfcfr\/cfrsearch.cfm?fr=1240.62."},{"key":"ref_72","unstructured":"Department of the Environment (2017, July 13). Chelonia mydas in Species Profile and Threats Database, Australian Government Department of Environment, Canberra, Available online: http:\/\/www.environment.gov.au\/sprat."},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"1","article-title":"An Outbreak of Salmonellosis Linked to a Marine Turtle","volume":"5","author":"Krause","year":"1998","journal-title":"North. Territ. Dis. Control Bull."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00029","article-title":"Prevalence of Salmonella isolates and their distribution based on Whole-Genome Sequence in a chicken slaughterhouse in Jiangsu, China","volume":"7","author":"Gu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2018.03.004","article-title":"Prevalence, sequence types, antibiotic resistance and, gyr Amutations of Salmonella isolated from retail fresh chicken meat in Singapore","volume":"90","author":"Zwe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Control."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2697","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02697","article-title":"Prevalence, virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella serovars from retail beef in Selangor, Malaysia","volume":"8","author":"Thung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5431","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.67.12.5431-5436.2001","article-title":"Prevalence of Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli, and Salmonella serovars in retail chicken, turkey, pork, and beef from the Greater Washington, D.C., Area","volume":"67","author":"Zhao","year":"2001","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_78","unstructured":"(2020, June 05). Available online: https:\/\/www.dpi.nsw.gov.au\/about-us\/publications\/pdi\/2018\/poultry."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-71.6.1123","article-title":"A baseline survey of the microbiological quality of chicken portions and carcasses at retail in two Australian states (2005 to 2006)","volume":"71","author":"Pointon","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2007.02284.x","article-title":"A comparative evaluation of the sensitivity of Salmonella detection on processed chicken carcasses using Australian and US methodologies","volume":"46","author":"King","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lett. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2018.08.006","article-title":"Does only the age of the hen matter in Salmonella enterica contamination of eggs?","volume":"77","author":"Crabb","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7402","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2014-8735","article-title":"Prevalence and characterization of foodborne pathogens from Australian dairy farm environments","volume":"9","author":"McAuley","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_83","unstructured":"Meat and Livestock Australia (MLA) (2020, May 27). Going into Goats: A Practical Guide to Producing Goats in the Rangelands. 2016, Meat and Livestock Australia, North Sydney, Australia. Available online: http:\/\/www.rangelandgoats.com.au."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15326","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-33220-5","article-title":"Salmonella enterica isolates from Western Australian rangeland goats remain susceptible to critically important antimicrobials","volume":"8","author":"Jordan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108305","article-title":"Non-typhoidal Salmonella contamination in egg shells and contents from retail in Western Australia: Serovar diversity, multilocus sequence types, and phenotypic and genomic characterizations of antimicrobial resistance","volume":"308","author":"Sodagari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.06.029","article-title":"Recovery of Salmonella and Escherichia coli from commercial egg shells and effect of translucency on bacterial penetration in eggs","volume":"142","author":"Chousalkar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2012-02144","article-title":"Recovery of Salmonella from eggshell wash, eggshell crush, and egg internal contents of unwashed commercial shell eggs in Australia","volume":"91","author":"Chousalkar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.04.002","article-title":"Survey of Enterobacteriaceae contamination of table eggs collected from layer flocks in Australia","volume":"164","author":"Gole","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3250","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00816-14","article-title":"Association between the indoor environmental contamination of Salmonella with egg contamination on layer farms","volume":"52","author":"Gole","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.07.030","article-title":"Shedding of Salmonella in single age caged commercial layer flock at an early stage of lay","volume":"189","author":"Gole","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2016.10.005","article-title":"Bacterial contamination of eggs and behaviour of poultry flocks in the free range environment","volume":"49","author":"Moyle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e03313-16","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03313-16","article-title":"Dynamics of Salmonella Shedding and welfare of hens in free-range egg production systems","volume":"83","author":"Gole","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.02.004","article-title":"Salmonella in chicken meat, eggs and humans; Adelaide, South Australia, 2008","volume":"146","author":"Fearnley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_94","first-page":"335","article-title":"A microbiological profile of poultry processed in South Australia","volume":"56","author":"Sumner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Food Aust."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.12.007","article-title":"Microbial profiles of carcasses and minced meat from kangaroos processed in South Australia","volume":"123","author":"Holds","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-70.5.1249","article-title":"A survey of the microbiological quality of kangaroo carcasses processed for human consumption in two processing plants in Queensland, Australia","volume":"70","author":"Eglezos","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2008.02501.x","article-title":"Prevalence and serotypes of Salmonella associated with goats at two Australian abattoirs","volume":"48","author":"Duffy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lett. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-68.6.1147","article-title":"A study of the prevalence and enumeration of Salmonella enterica in cattle and on carcasses during processing","volume":"68","author":"Fegan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"ref_99","unstructured":"Australian Department of the Environment and Heritage (2004). The feral pig (Sus scrofa), Invasive Species Publications."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2007.0035","article-title":"A survey of the microbiological quality of feral pig carcasses processed for human consumption in Queensland, Australia","volume":"5","author":"Eglezos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog. Dis."},{"key":"ref_101","unstructured":"Standards Australia (1997). Australian Standard for Hygienic Production of Game Meat for Human Consumption, Standards Australia. AS 4464."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-71.3.613","article-title":"Bacteriological Profile of Raw, Frozen Chicken Nuggets","volume":"71","author":"Eglezos","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"ref_103","unstructured":"Cox, J.M., Woolcock, J.B., and Sartor, A.L. (2002). The Significance of Salmonella, Particularly S. Infantis, to the Australian Egg Ind, Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-71.6.1232","article-title":"A national survey of the microbiological quality of retail raw meats in Australia","volume":"71","author":"Phillips","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-64.5.692","article-title":"Microbiological quality of Australian beef","volume":"64","author":"Phillips","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-69.5.1113","article-title":"A national survey of the microbiological quality of beef carcasses and frozen boneless beef in Australia","volume":"69","author":"Phillips","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-12-135","article-title":"An Australian national survey of the microbiological quality of frozen boneless beef and beef primal cuts","volume":"75","author":"Phillips","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-64.5.697","article-title":"Microbiological quality of Australian sheep meat","volume":"64","author":"Phillips","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2006.03.017","article-title":"Microbiological quality of Australian sheep meat in 2004","volume":"74","author":"Phillips","year":"2006","journal-title":"Meat Sci."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2012.10.019","article-title":"Microbiological quality of Australian sheep meat in 2011","volume":"31","author":"Phillips","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Control."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2010.00623.x","article-title":"Concentration and prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 and Salmonella serotypes in sheep during slaughter at two Australian Abattoirs","volume":"88","author":"Duffy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-17-180","article-title":"Low prevalence of Salmonella and Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in lymph nodes of Australian beef cattle","volume":"80","author":"Bailey","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2009-00387","article-title":"Relative prevalence of Salmonella Sofia on broiler chickens pre- and postprocessing in Australia","volume":"89","author":"Mellor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abraham, S., O\u2019Dea, M., Sahibzada, S., Hewson, K., Pavic, A., Veltman, T., Abraham, R., Harris, T., Trott, D.J., and Jordan, D. (2019). Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from Australian meat chickens remain susceptible to critically important antimicrobial agents. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0224281"},{"key":"ref_115","unstructured":"Pointon, A., and Horchner, P. (2010). Food Safety Risk-Based Profile of Pork Production in Australia Technical Evidence to Support an On-Farm HACCP Scheme, Australian Pork Limited."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamilton, D., Holds, G., Smith, G., Flint, R., Lorimer, M., Davos, D., Kiermeier, A., and Pointon, A. (2011, January 19\u201322). National baseline surveys to characterise processing hygiene and microbial hazards of Australian culled sow meat, retail pork sausages and retail pork mince. Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on the Epidemiology and Control of Biological, Chemical and Physical Hazards in Pigs and Pork, Maastricht, The Netherlands.","DOI":"10.31274\/safepork-180809-610"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq498","article-title":"Identifying antimicrobial resistance genes of human clinical relevance within Salmonella isolated from food animals in Great Britain","volume":"66","author":"Anjum","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e32830f453a","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in typhoidal and nontyphoidal salmonellae","volume":"21","author":"Parry","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149e55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2006.01.002","article-title":"Multidrug resistance among different serotypes of clinical Salmonella isolates in Taiwan","volume":"55","author":"Lauderdale","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-016-0121-8","article-title":"Re-emergence of the susceptibility of the Salmonella spp. isolated from blood samples to conventional first line antibiotics","volume":"5","author":"Shrestha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2014.10.014","article-title":"High-level fluoroquinolone resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky ST198 epidemic clone with IncA\/C conjugative plasmid carrying bla(CTX-M-25) gene","volume":"175","author":"Wasyl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2016.2180","article-title":"Ceftriaxone-resistant nontyphoidal Salmonella from humans, retail meats, and food animals in the United States, 1996\u20132013","volume":"14","author":"Iwamoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog. Dis."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01318-17","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01318-17","article-title":"Identification of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in Salmonella isolated from swine ceca and retail pork chops in the United States","volume":"61","author":"Tyson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1809.111515","article-title":"Control of fluoroquinolone resistance through successful regulation, Australia","volume":"18","author":"Cheng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.07.010","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance, phylogenetic grouping and virulence potential of Escherichia coli isolated from the faeces of intensively farmed and free range poultry","volume":"154","author":"Obeng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2011.00818.x","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella isolates recovered from calves with diarrhoea in Australia","volume":"89","author":"Izzo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2013.10.014","article-title":"Salmonella enterica isolated from infections in Australian livestock remain susceptible to critical antimicrobials","volume":"43","author":"Abraham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-17-044","article-title":"Characterization of Escherichia coli and Salmonella from Victoria, Australia, Dairy Farm Environments","volume":"80","author":"McAuley","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-14-476","article-title":"Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella and Escherichia coli from Australian cattle populations at slaughter","volume":"78","author":"Barlow","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2015.03.019","article-title":"Screening for Salmonella in backyard chickens","volume":"120","author":"Manning","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.02.025","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance of non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates from egg layer flocks and egg shells","volume":"203","author":"Pande","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2011.05.014","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from food animals: A review","volume":"45","author":"Hur","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01207","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolates from healthy pigs in Australia: Results of a pilot national survey","volume":"9","author":"Kidsley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg426","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility and occurrence of resistance genes among Salmonella enterica serovar Weltevreden from different countries","volume":"52","author":"Aarestrup","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2004.02380.x","article-title":"Quantification and prevalence of Salmonella in beef cattle presenting at slaughter","volume":"97","author":"Fegan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1908.121511","article-title":"Outbreak-associated Salmonella enterica serotypes and food commodities, United States, 1998\u20132008","volume":"19","author":"Jackson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.14745\/ccdr.v41i11a01","article-title":"An overview of foodborne outbreaks in Canada reported through outbreak summaries: 2008\u20132014","volume":"41","author":"Belanger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Canada Commun. Dis. Rep."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ford, L., Moffatt, C.R.M., Fearnley, E., Miller, M., Gregory, J., Sloan-Gardner, T.S., Polkinghorne, B.G., Bell, R., Franklin, N., and Williamson, D.A. (2018). The Epidemiology of Salmonella enterica Outbreaks in Australia, 2001\u20132016. Front. Sustain. Food Syst., 2.","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2018.00086"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268818002224","article-title":"Salmonella source attribution in a subtropical state of Australia: Capturing environmental reservoirs of infection","volume":"146","author":"Fearnley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_140","unstructured":"(2020, June 05). Australia\u2019s Foodborne Illness Reduction Strategy 2018\u20132021+, Available online: https:\/\/www1.health.gov.au\/internet\/fr\/publishing.nsf\/Content\/3139DD4B7DF3E23ACA25822F0004BFDD\/$File\/AusFIRS18-22CD.pdf."},{"key":"ref_141","unstructured":"Government of Western Australia (2020, June 05). Department of Health. Foodborne Illness Reduction Strategy 2018-2021+. 2018, Available online: https:\/\/ww2.health.wa.gov.au\/-\/media\/Files\/Corporate\/general-documents\/food\/PDF\/Priorities-to-reduce-salmonellosis.pdf."},{"key":"ref_142","first-page":"347","article-title":"An outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium RDNC A047 linked to a Chinese restaurant in South Australia","volume":"24","author":"Milazzo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Commun. Dis. Intell."},{"key":"ref_143","first-page":"419","article-title":"Outbreaks of Salmonella Typhimurium phage type 197 of multiple genotypes linked to an egg producer","volume":"33","author":"Slinko","year":"2009","journal-title":"Commun. Dis. Intell. Q. Rep."},{"key":"ref_144","first-page":"32","article-title":"An outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium PTI35 gastroenteritis associated with a minimally cooked dessert containing raw eggs","volume":"26","author":"Sarna","year":"2002","journal-title":"Commun. Dis. Intell. Q. Rep."}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/10\/7\/1192\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:51:18Z","timestamp":1760176278000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/10\/7\/1192"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]]},"references-count":144,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ani10071192"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani10071192","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]]}}}