{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T21:20:44Z","timestamp":1776460844310,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]],"date-time":"2020-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"International Rhino Foundation (IRF)","award":["x"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["x"]}]},{"name":"Wildlife Group of the South African Veterinary Association","award":["x"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["x"]}]},{"name":"South African National Research Foundation","award":["x"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["x"]}]},{"name":"research fund of the Department of Paraclinical Sciences of the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria","award":["x"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["x"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acidemia represents a major life-threatening factor during rhinoceros capture. The acid-base status during rhinoceros transport is unknown. The purpose of this study was to describe changes in acid-base status during rhinoceros capture and transport and compare these changes between rhinoceroses sedated with azaperone or midazolam. Twenty-three wild white rhinoceros bulls were road-transported 280 km for reasons unrelated to this study. Rhinoceroses were captured with etorphine-azaperone (Group A) or etorphine-midazolam (Group M). During transport, azaperone (Group A) or midazolam (Group M) was re-administered every 2 h and venous blood collected. Changes in blood pH and associated variables were compared over time and between groups using a general linear mixed model. Rhinoceroses of both groups experienced a respiratory and metabolic acidosis during capture (pH 7.109 \u00b1 0.099 and 7.196 \u00b1 0.111 for Group A and Group M, respectively) that was quickly compensated for by the start of transport (pH 7.441 \u00b1 0.035 and 7.430 \u00b1 0.057) and remained stable throughout the journey. Rhinoceroses from Group M showed a smaller decrease in pH and associated variables at capture than rhinoceroses from Group A (p = 0.012). The use of midazolam instead of azaperone could therefore improve the success of rhinoceros capture and thus, contribute to the outcome of important conservation translocations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10081323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]],"date-time":"2020-07-31T04:15:31Z","timestamp":1596168931000},"page":"1323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Midazolam Alters Acid-Base Status Less than Azaperone during the Capture and Transport of Southern White Rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum simum)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4236-5847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Friederike","family":"Pohlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1160 Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Onderstepoort Campus, University of Pretoria, 0110 Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Onderstepoort Campus, University of Pretoria, 0110 Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Buss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Onderstepoort Campus, University of Pretoria, 0110 Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa"},{"name":"Veterinary Wildlife Services: Kruger National Park, South African National Parks, 1350 Skukuza, Mpumalanga, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4367-799X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma H.","family":"Hooijberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Onderstepoort Campus, University of Pretoria, 0110 Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Onderstepoort Campus, University of Pretoria, 0110 Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5122-2469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leith C. R.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Onderstepoort Campus, University of Pretoria, 0110 Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Onderstepoort Campus, University of Pretoria, 0110 Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Emslie, R. (2020, July 23). Ceratotherium simum ssp. simum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020:e.T39317A45814320. Available online: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T39317A45814320.en.","DOI":"10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T39317A45814320.en"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Emslie, R., Milliken, T., Talukdar, B., Burgess, G., Adcock, K., Balfour, D., and Knight, M. (2020, June 22). 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