{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:46:35Z","timestamp":1760179595026,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,7]],"date-time":"2020-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011941","name":"Gobierno del Principado de Asturias","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PCTI 2018\u2013220 (GRUPIN: IDI2018-000237 and FEDER)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCTI 2018\u2013220 (GRUPIN: IDI2018-000237 and FEDER)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011941","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"FEDER and Instituto Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Tecnolog\u00eda Agraria y Alimentaria","award":["E-RTA2013-00013-C04-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-RTA2013-00013-C04-04"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Spanish goat encephalitis virus (SGEV), a novel subtype of tick-borne flavivirus closely related to louping ill virus, causes a neurological disease in experimentally infected goats and lambs. Here, the distribution of microglia, T and B lymphocytes, and astrocytes was determined in the encephalon and spinal cord of eight Assaf lambs subcutaneously infected with SGEV. Cells were identified based on immunohistochemical staining against Iba1 (microglia), CD3 (T lymphocytes), CD20 (B lymphocytes), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (astrocytes). In glial foci and perivascular cuffing areas, microglia were the most abundant cell type (45.4% of immunostained cells), followed by T lymphocytes (18.6%) and B lymphocytes (4.4%). Thalamus, hypothalamus, corpus callosum, and medulla oblongata contained the largest areas occupied by glial foci. Reactive astrogliosis occurred to a greater extent in the lumbosacral spinal cord than in other regions of the central nervous system. Lesions were more frequent on the side of the animal experimentally infected with the virus. Lesions were more severe in lambs than in goats, suggesting that lambs may be more susceptible to SGEV, which may be due to species differences or to interindividual differences in the immune response, rather than to differences in the relative proportions of immune cells. Larger studies that monitor natural or experimental infections may help clarify local immune responses to this flavivirus subtype in the central nervous system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10081373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]],"date-time":"2020-08-10T07:25:03Z","timestamp":1597044303000},"page":"1373","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phenotypic Characterization of Encephalitis and Immune Response in the Brains of Lambs Experimentally Infected with Spanish Goat Encephalitis Virus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ileana Z.","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Le\u00f3n, 24006 Le\u00f3n, Spain"},{"name":"Universidad Popular Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de Puebla, UPAEP Universidad, Puebla 72410, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"P\u00e9rez-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Le\u00f3n, 24006 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis M.","family":"Salinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Le\u00f3n, 24006 Le\u00f3n, Spain"},{"name":"Universidad Internacional Antonio de Valdivieso, UNIAV, 47000 Rivas, Nicaragua"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6037-5873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ram\u00f3n A.","family":"Juste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Agrario, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan F.","family":"Garc\u00eda Mar\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Le\u00f3n, 24006 Le\u00f3n, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganader\u00eda de Monta\u00f1a, CSIC-Universidad de Le\u00f3n, Finca Marzanas, Grulleros, 24346 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5121-7264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Balseiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Le\u00f3n, 24006 Le\u00f3n, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganader\u00eda de Monta\u00f1a, CSIC-Universidad de Le\u00f3n, Finca Marzanas, Grulleros, 24346 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.000096","article-title":"Identification and characterization of a novel tick-borne flavivirus subtype in goats (Capra hircus) in Spain","volume":"96","author":"Mansfield","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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