{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T03:55:41Z","timestamp":1784001341525,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,19]],"date-time":"2020-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This prospective cross-sectional study aimed to: (1) characterize echocardiographic features of mitral valve in MMVD affected Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS), focusing on dogs classified as American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) class B1; (2) compare echocardiographic data in ACVIM B1 dogs divided on the basis of age at time of MMVD diagnosis, in order to understand if different aged subjects had different echocardiographic patterns. Length (AMVL), width (AMVW) and area (AMVA) of the anterior mitral valve leaflet, mitral valve prolapse, diameters of the mitral valve annulus in diastole (MVAd) and systole (MVAs) of 90 CKCS in different ACVIM classes, 64 of which in class B1, were measured. Valvular measurements were indexed to body weight using Wesselowski\u2019s scaling exponents. The presence of heart murmur did not discriminate between A and B1 classes (p = 0.128). Heart enlargement was more frequent in males (r2 = 0.07, p = 0.013). Within class B1, older subjects showed significantly higher values of AMVA, AMVW, MVAd, MVAs and lower sphericity index (SI). Since many CKCS with MMVD have no murmur and their mitral valve has peculiarities, a specifically designed echocardiographic screening should be realized. In addition, different aged B1 dogs have different echocardiographic patterns that may imply different genetic and prognostic profiles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10091454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,19]],"date-time":"2020-08-19T09:22:31Z","timestamp":1597828951000},"page":"1454","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Echocardiographic Evaluation of the Mitral Valve in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5247-3796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mara","family":"Bagardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 n. 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9116-3208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arianna","family":"Bionda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 n. 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Celoria n. 2, 20133 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6014-4378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Locatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 n. 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5161-0648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Cortellari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 n. 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Celoria n. 2, 20133 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Frattini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 n. 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessio","family":"Negro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 n. 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Celoria n. 2, 20133 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Crepaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 n. 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Celoria n. 2, 20133 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola Giuseppina","family":"Brambilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 n. 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1965.tb49421.x","article-title":"The prevalence and types of cardiovascular disease in dogs","volume":"127","author":"Detweiler","year":"1965","journal-title":"Ann. 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