{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:30:40Z","timestamp":1787027440550,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,24]],"date-time":"2020-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005046","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31772647"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31772647"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005046","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Appropriate cold stimulation can improve immune function and stress tolerance in broilers. In order to investigate the effect of intermittent mild cold stimulation on the intestinal immunity of broilers, 240 healthy one-day-old Ross 308 chickens were randomly divided into three groups: the control group (CC) housed in climatic chambers under usual rearing ambient temperature with a gradual 3.5 \u00b0C decrease per week; group II (C3) and group III (C6) to which cold stimulation at 3 \u00b0C below the temperature used in CC was applied every two days for 3 and 6 h, respectively, from day 15 to 35, and at the same temperature used in CC from day 35 to 43. The mRNA expression levels of immunoglobulins (IgA and IgG), cytokines (IL2, IL6, IL8, IL17, and IFN\u03b3), and Toll-like receptors (TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7, and TLR21) were investigated in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum tissue samples on days 22, 29, 35, and 43. From day 15 to 35, mRNA expression of IL2 and IFN\u03b3 was increased in the intestine of broilers. After one week of cold stimulation on day 43, mRNA levels of immunoglobulins, cytokines, and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) stabilized. Collectively, the findings indicate that cold stimulation at 3 \u00b0C below the usual rearing temperature had a positive impact on intestinal immunity of broilers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10091492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,24]],"date-time":"2020-08-24T10:37:32Z","timestamp":1598265452000},"page":"1492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Effects of Intermittent Mild Cold Stimulation on mRNA Expression of Immunoglobulins, Cytokines, and Toll-Like Receptors in the Small Intestine of Broilers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Shuang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7736-0333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianhong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanhong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6315-9399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Runxiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9492-0507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Hangalapura, B.N. 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