{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T16:38:13Z","timestamp":1791563893871,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]],"date-time":"2020-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo (ANID, Chile).","award":["FONDAP INCAR 15110027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FONDAP INCAR 15110027"]}]},{"name":"Research Projects Ciencia B\u00e1sica CONACY\u2010M\u00e9xico","award":["reference 287537; 4489\/2018\/CI from SIEA\u2010UAEM."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["reference 287537; 4489\/2018\/CI from SIEA\u2010UAEM."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lactococcosis is a hyperacute hemorrhagic septicemia disease caused by Lactococcus garvieae, which is an emerging pathogen in global fish farming. Between 2016 and 2018, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from five farms that presented outbreaks were sampled as part of a Mexican surveillance program for the detection of fish diseases. Fourteen L. garvieae isolates were recovered from sampled fish, as confirmed by biochemical tests, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and clinical and histological insights. The biochemical and protein profiles of the isolates obtained were homogeneous. Repetitive extragenic palindromic\u2014(REP)\u2014and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence PCR (ERIC-PCR) analyses established weak genetic heterogeneity. Rainbow trout challenged with two of the isolates used at different bacterial concentrations (10\u22122 and 10\u22124 CFU\/mL) showed melanosis, and hemorrhages were observed in the fins, liver, kidney, and spleen. Isolates were obtained from all of the organs sampled, including from surviving fish, as either pure or mixed cultures. The present study is the first to confirm the presence of L. garvieae as the agent of severe lactococcosis outbreaks in the two primary Mexican states for trout farming.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10091609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]],"date-time":"2020-09-09T09:01:09Z","timestamp":1599642069000},"page":"1609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["First Identification and Characterization of Lactococcus garvieae Isolated from Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Cultured in Mexico"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4995-4676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cesar","family":"Ortega","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigacio\u0301n y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal (CIESA), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidad Auto\u0301noma del Estado de Me\u0301xico (UAEM), 50295 Toluca, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5608-0060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rute","family":"Irgang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Patologi\u0301a de Organismos Acua\u0301ticos y Biotecnologi\u0301a Acui\u0301cola, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andre\u0301s Bello, 2531015 Vin\u0303a del Mar, Chile"},{"name":"Centro FONDAP, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), 2531015 Vin\u0303a del Mar, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjam\u00edn","family":"Valladares-Carranza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigacio\u0301n y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal (CIESA), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidad Auto\u0301noma del Estado de Me\u0301xico (UAEM), 50295 Toluca, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constanza","family":"Collarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Patologi\u0301a de Organismos Acua\u0301ticos y Biotecnologi\u0301a Acui\u0301cola, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andre\u0301s Bello, 2531015 Vin\u0303a del Mar, Chile"},{"name":"Centro FONDAP, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), 2531015 Vin\u0303a del Mar, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5368-4475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruben","family":"Avenda\u00f1o-Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Patologi\u0301a de Organismos Acua\u0301ticos y Biotecnologi\u0301a Acui\u0301cola, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andre\u0301s Bello, 2531015 Vin\u0303a del Mar, Chile"},{"name":"Centro FONDAP, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), 2531015 Vin\u0303a del Mar, Chile"},{"name":"Centro de Investigacio\u0301n Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Universidad Andre\u0301s Bello, 2531015 Quintay, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Austin, B., and Austin, A.D. 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