{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T23:46:58Z","timestamp":1790380018437,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]],"date-time":"2020-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Derzsy\u2019s disease causes disastrous losses in domestic waterfowl farms. A genetically variant strain of Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV) and goose parvovirus (GPV) was named novel goose parvovirus (NGPV), which causes characteristic syndrome in young ducklings. The syndrome was clinically characterized by deformity in beaks and retarded growth, called short beaks and dwarfism syndrome (SBDS). Ten mule and pekin duck farms were investigated for parvovirus in three Egyptian provinces. Despite low recorded mortality rate (20%), morbidity rate was high (70%), but the economic losses were remarkable as a result of retarded growth and low performance. Isolation of NGPV was successful on primary cell culture of embryonated duck liver cells with a clear cytopathic effect. Partial gene sequence of the VP1 gene showed high amino acids identity among isolated strains and close identity with Chinese strains of NGPV, and low identity with classic GPV and MDPV strains. To the best of our knowledge, this can be considered the first record of NGPV infections in Egypt.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10101833","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]],"date-time":"2020-10-09T10:19:23Z","timestamp":1602238763000},"page":"1833","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Detection of Novel Goose Parvovirus Disease Associated with Short Beak and Dwarfism Syndrome in Commercial Ducks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5011-7272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Soliman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6432-8898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Erfan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Samy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osama","family":"Mahana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soad A.","family":"Nasef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"443","article-title":"A viral disease of goslings. I. Epidemiological, clinical, pathological and aetiological studies","volume":"17","author":"Derzsy","year":"1967","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Acad. Sci. Hung."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Ames, I.A. (2013). Parvovirus infections of water fowl. Diseases of Poultry, John Wiley & Sons. [13th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450094270","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis of parvoviruses isolated in Taiwan from ducks and geese","volume":"29","author":"Chang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01309459","article-title":"Biochemical and genomic characterization of muscovy duck parvovirus","volume":"139","author":"Jestin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1995.1514","article-title":"Analysis of the complete nucleotide sequences of goose and muscovy duck parvoviruses indicates common ancestral origin with adeno-associated virus 2","volume":"212","author":"Stefancsik","year":"1995","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.2307\/1592118","article-title":"Isolation, identification, and plaque titration of parvovirus from Muscovy ducks in Japan","volume":"38","author":"Takehara","year":"1994","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1556\/avet.53.2005.1.8","article-title":"Comparative pathological studies on domestic geese (Anseranser domestica) and Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata) experimentally infected with parvovirus strains of goose and Muscovy duck origin","volume":"53","author":"Zolnai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta. Vet. Hung."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1637\/0005-2086(2007)51[609:EIOAOO]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Epidemiologic investigation of an outbreak of goose parvovirus infection in Sweden","volume":"51","author":"Jansson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"1","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of waterfowl parvoviruses in geese and Muscovy ducks by real-time polymerase chain reaction: Correlation between age, clinical symptoms and DNA copy number of waterfowl parvoviruses","volume":"8","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-018-1600-3","article-title":"Specific detection of Muscovy duck parvovirus infection by TaqMan-based real-time PCR assay","volume":"14","author":"Wan","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450601009563","article-title":"Isolation and molecular characterization of a new Muscovy duck parvovirus from Muscovy ducks in the USA","volume":"35","author":"Poonia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450802356979","article-title":"Identification of sequence changes in live attenuated goose parvovirus vaccine strains developed in Asia and Europe","volume":"37","author":"Shien","year":"2008","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450902737839","article-title":"Short beak and dwarfism syndrome of mule duck is caused by a distinct lineage of goose parvovirus","volume":"38","author":"Palya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03244-15","article-title":"Identification of Goose-Origin Parvovirus as a Cause of Newly Emerging Beak Atrophy and Dwarfism Syndrome in Ducklings","volume":"54","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.2307\/1591694","article-title":"Infectious bill atrophy syndrome caused by parvovirus in a co-outbreak with duck viral hepatitis in ducklings in Taiwan","volume":"37","author":"Lu","year":"1993","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.07.020","article-title":"Novel duck parvovirus identified in Cherry Valley ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus), China","volume":"44","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2017.08.020","article-title":"Pathogenicity of Pekin duck- and goose-origin parvoviruses in Pekin ducklings","volume":"210","author":"Ning","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.05.013","article-title":"Coinfection of novel goose parvovirus-associated virus and duck circovirus in feather sacs of Cherry Valley ducks with feathers shedding syndrome","volume":"99","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1136\/inpract.32.8.382","article-title":"Diagnosis and control of goose parvovirus","volume":"32","author":"Irvine","year":"2010","journal-title":"Practice"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00421","article-title":"Analysis of Evolutionary Processes of Species Jump in Waterfowl Parvovirus","volume":"8","author":"Fan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12487","article-title":"Evidence for Vertical Transmission of Novel Duck-Origin Goose Parvovirus-Related Parvovirus","volume":"63","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-2090-7","article-title":"Specific detection and differentiation of classic goose parvovirus and novel goose parvovirus by TaqMan real-time PCR assay, coupled with host specificity","volume":"15","author":"Wan","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-016-2926-4","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of a distinct duck-origin goose parvovirus causing an outbreak of duckling short beak and dwarfism syndrome in China","volume":"161","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02093-13","article-title":"Adeno-associated virus capsid proteins may play a role in transcription and second-strand synthesis of recombinant genomes","volume":"88","author":"Salganik","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"1575687","article-title":"Avian influenza viruses at the wild-domestic bird interface in Egypt","volume":"9","author":"Naguib","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect. Ecol. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2","article-title":"Basic local alignment search tool","volume":"215","author":"Altschul","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4673","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/22.22.4673","article-title":"CLUSTAL W: Improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice","volume":"22","author":"Thompson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nucleic. Acids. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst197","article-title":"MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0","volume":"30","author":"Tamura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Gough, R.E. (1998). Goose parvovirus (Derzsy\u2019s disease). A Laboratory Manual for the Isolation and Identification of Avian Pathogens, American Association of Avian Pathologists, University of Pennsylvania. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"210","article-title":"Genetic variance of Derzsy\u2019s disease strains isolated in Poland","volume":"3","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Mol. Genet. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2837","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-019-04393-9","article-title":"Molecular evidence of goose-parvovirus-related abnormal molting in Pekin ducks","volume":"164","author":"Jin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2018.1517938","article-title":"Avian parvovirus: Classification, phylogeny, pathogenesis and diagnosis","volume":"47","author":"Kapgate","year":"2018","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12751","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of novel goose parvovirus-related virus reveal the evolution of waterfowl parvovirus","volume":"65","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2017.09.011","article-title":"Development of a duplex semi-nested PCR assay for detection of classical goose parvovirus and novel goose parvovirus-related virus in sick or dead ducks with short beak and dwarfism syndrome","volume":"249","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bian, G., Ma, H., Luo, M., Gong, F., Li, B., Wang, G., Mohiuddin, M., Liao, M., and Yuan, J. (2019). Identification and genomic analysis of two novel duck-origin GPV-related parvovirus in China. BMC Vet. Res., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-1833-9"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2017.03.012","article-title":"The newly emerging duck-origin goose parvovirus in China exhibits a wide range of pathogenicity to main domesticated waterfowl","volume":"203","author":"Xiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.54.3.316-329.1990","article-title":"Parvovirus replication","volume":"54","author":"Berns","year":"1990","journal-title":"Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2015.03.020","article-title":"Epidemiology and molecular characterisation of duck hepatitis A virus from different duck breeds in Egypt","volume":"177","author":"Erfan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2306.162056","article-title":"Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (H5N8) Clade 2.3.4.4 Infection in Migratory Birds, Egypt","volume":"23","author":"Selim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s40657-019-0180-7","article-title":"Avian influenza virus surveillance in migratory birds in Egypt revealed a novel reassortant H6N2 subtype","volume":"10","author":"Zanaty","year":"2019","journal-title":"Avian Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14587","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)63732-9","article-title":"The canyon hypothesis. Hiding the host cell receptor attachment site on a viral surface from immune surveillance","volume":"264","author":"Rossmann","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2006420","article-title":"The three-dimensional structure of canine parvovirus and its functional implications","volume":"251","author":"Tsao","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/10\/10\/1833\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:17:40Z","timestamp":1760177860000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/10\/10\/1833"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ani10101833"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani10101833","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]]}}}