{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T12:07:17Z","timestamp":1792325237711,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]],"date-time":"2020-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"UHK :","award":["VT2019-2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VT2019-2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Progress in the medical profession is determined by the achievements and effectiveness of new antibiotics in the treatment of microbial infections. However, the development of multiple-drug resistance in numerous bacteria, especially Gram-negative bacteria, has limited the treatment options. Due to this resistance, the resurgence of cyclic polypeptide drugs like colistin remains the only option. The drug, colistin, is a well-known growth inhibitor of Gram-negative bacteria like Acinetobacter baumanni, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Technological advancements have uncovered the role of the mcr-1(mobilized colistin resistance) gene, which is responsible for the development of resistance in Gram-negative bacteria, which make them distinct from other bacteria without this gene. Additionally, food animals have been determined to be the reservoir for colistin resistance microbes, from which they spread to other hosts. Due to the adverse effects of colistin, many developed countries have prohibited its usage in animal foods, but developing countries are still using colistin in animal food production, thereby imposing a major risk to the public health. Therefore, there is a need for implementation of sustainable measures in livestock farms to prevent microbial infection. This review highlights the negative effects (increased resistance) of colistin consumption and emphasizes the different approaches used for detecting colistin in animal-based foods as well as the challenges associated with its detection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10101892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]],"date-time":"2020-10-16T08:56:48Z","timestamp":1602838608000},"page":"1892","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Understanding of Colistin Usage in Food Animals and Available Detection Techniques: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5301-484X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harsh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Bioengineering &amp; Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, H.P., India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing-Huei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9664-1109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamil","family":"Kuca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenie","family":"Nepovimova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankur","family":"Kaushal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Manesar, Gurugram-122413, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rupak","family":"Nagraik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Bioengineering &amp; Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, H.P., India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7688-6069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shashi Kant","family":"Bhatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4791-7388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daljeet Singh","family":"Dhanjal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinod","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK430AL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5669-8805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anil","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Bioengineering &amp; Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, H.P., India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3030-2459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Navneet Kumar","family":"Upadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, H.P., India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5321-9450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachna","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, H.P., India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3485-6408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dinesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Bioengineering &amp; Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, H.P., India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a132594","article-title":"Partial-purification and properties of L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid activating enzyme from a polymyxin-E producing organism","volume":"86","author":"Komura","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. 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