{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:21:46Z","timestamp":1760239306972,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,25]],"date-time":"2020-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A 3-year-old Arabian mare underwent medical examinations due to the presence of abnormalities of the reproductive apparatus and stallion behavior (nervous temperament, aggressiveness, masculine attitude). During the clinical visit, an anovulvar distance shorter than normal was observed; moreover, vulvar lips were dorsally fused except for the lower neckline, showing a blind ending from which a penis-like structure protruded. The ultrasound examination revealed the presence of a cervix and corpus of a uterus, hypoplastic uterine horns, and small gonads with an echogenicity similar to a testis. Blood testosterone levels ranged from 0.4 to 0.6 ng\/mL. Cytogenetic analysis showed a normal female karyotype (2n = 64,XX), while PCR amplification of SRY and ZFY genes revealed the absence of a Y chromosome. At necroscopic examination, internal genitalia arising from the genital ridge in the form of masculine type structures were found, while those deriving from the Mullerian ducts were of feminine type. In addition, an infundibular portion of the salpinx at the cranial pole of the gonads was found. This is the first case in equine species of DSD 2n = 64,XX SRY-negative, with the simultaneous presence of male (hypoplastic testicles, epididymal portions, and a penis-like structure) and female (cervix, horn and body of a hypoplastic uterus) genital structures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10111963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]],"date-time":"2020-10-26T03:51:47Z","timestamp":1603684307000},"page":"1963","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["An Unusual Case of Testicular Disorder in Sex Development of Arabian Mare (64,XX SRY-Negative)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Peretti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3168-0104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katiuska","family":"Satu\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, CEU-Cardenal Herrera University, 46115 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Ciotola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5909-7837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santo","family":"Cristarella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4527-7030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"De Majo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8717-1966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vito","family":"Biondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"D\u2019Anza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4018-8007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Albarella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4812-0402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Quartuccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-019-02182-9","article-title":"Management strategies, reproductive performance and causes of infertility in sheep flocks in the central region of Saudi Arabia","volume":"52","author":"Ali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trop. 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