{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:30:40Z","timestamp":1787027440278,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\/17453-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/17453-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Benzoic acid (BA) and essential oils (EOs) (thymol, 2-methoxyphenol, eugenol, piperine, and curcumin) are being studied to minimize the impairment of gastrointestinal functions in weanling piglets. This study evaluates the effects of combining BA and EO on the performance and intestinal health of piglets challenged with E. coli F4 (1 mL, 106 CFU\/mL). In total, 270 weaned piglets were used in a randomized block design with six treatments: positive control, with 40 mg\/kg colistin (PC); negative control, without the growth promoter (NC); negative control +5 g\/kg benzoic acid (BA); negative control +2 g\/kg combination of BA+EO (BA+EO2); negative control +3 g\/kg combination of BA+EO (BA+EO3); negative control +4 g\/kg combination of BA+EO (BA+EO4). BA+EO3 presented a greater average daily gain (ADG) (p = 0.0013) and better feed-to-gain ratio (p = 0.0138), compared to NC, from 21 to 35 days age. For the total period, BA, BA+EO3, and BA+EO4 were similar to PC and superior to NC for ADG (p = 0.0002) and final body weight (BW) (p = 0.0002). No difference (p &gt; 0.05) was verified for diarrhea, microbial population, production of volatile fatty acids, pH, weight of organs, cellular proliferation, and cholecystokinin count. NC and BA+EO4 resulted in a higher villus height in the jejunum (p = 0.0120) compared to BA+EO3. The use of BA or the combination of BA and EO at 3 g\/kg provides improved performance, aside from being an economically viable alternative to replace colistin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10111978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T21:21:00Z","timestamp":1604006460000},"page":"1978","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Benzoic Acid Combined with Essential Oils Can Be an Alternative to the Use of Antibiotic Growth Promoters for Piglets Challenged with E. coli F4"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Leticia Mendon\u00e7a","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T\u00falio Ot\u00e1vio de Ara\u00fajo Lima","family":"Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3244-7184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cesar Augusto Pospissil","family":"Garbossa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia Cassimira da Silva","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DSM Nutritional Products, S\u00e3o Paulo 01452-001, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dino","family":"Garcez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DSM Nutritional Products, S\u00e3o Paulo 01452-001, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9534-6121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laya Kannan Silva","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rvio Lob\u00e3o Teixeira","family":"de Abreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rony Antonio","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vin\u00edcius de Souza","family":"Cantarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00197.2006","article-title":"Stress signaling pathways activated by weaning mediate intestinal dysfunction in the pig","volume":"292","author":"Moeser","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. 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