{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T12:56:06Z","timestamp":1762520166556,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009889","name":"Regione Umbria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["44750050831"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["44750050831"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009889","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examined the effects of goji berries dietary supplementation on the energetic metabolism of doe. Thirty days before artificial insemination, 75 New Zealand White does were assigned to three different diets: commercial standard diet (C) and supplemented with 1% (LG) and 3% (HG) of goji berries, respectively. Body conditions, hormones and metabolites were monitored until weaning. Body weight and BCS were higher in HG than C (p &lt; 0.05). LG showed lower T3\/T4 ratio and cortisol concentrations (p &lt; 0.05) and tended to have lower indices of insulin resistances (p &lt; 0.1) than HG. Compared to control, leptin was higher in HG at AI (p &lt; 0.01) and in LG during lactation (p &lt; 0.05). Two principal components were extracted by multivariate analysis describing the relationships between (1) non-esterified fatty acids, insulin and glucose levels, and (2) body conditions and leptin metabolism. The first component highlighted the energy deficit and the insulin resistance of the does during pregnancy and lactation. The second one showed that leptin, body weight and Body Condition Score (BCS) enhance as levels of goji berries in the diet increase. Thus, the effects of goji supplementation are dose-dependent: an improvement on energy metabolism was achieved with a low-dose while the highest dose could determine excessive fattening and insulin resistance in does.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10112000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T09:29:32Z","timestamp":1604050172000},"page":"2000","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Impact of Goji Berries (Lycium barbarum) Supplementation on the Energy Homeostasis of Rabbit Does: Uni- and Multivariate Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8500-7970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Menchetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Agri-food Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6352-0036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulio","family":"Curone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Egon","family":"Andoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Albania, Rr Paisi Vodica, Koder, 1029 Kamez, Albania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0828-4610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olimpia","family":"Barbato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Troisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via 9 Circonvallazione 93\/95-62024 Matelica, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Fioretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Polisca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1562-4495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michela","family":"Codini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via A. Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Canali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6292-4992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Vigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Brecchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"An evidence-based update on the pharmacological activities and possible molecular targets of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides","volume":"9","author":"Cheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Des. Devel. Ther."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1186218","article-title":"Goji (Lycium barbarum and L. chinense): Phytochemistry, pharmacology and safety in the perspective of traditional uses and recent popularity","volume":"76","author":"Potterat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Goji Berries as a potential natural antioxidant medicine: An insight into their molecular mechanisms of action","volume":"2019","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.2174\/1573406410666141110153858","article-title":"Practical application of antidiabetic efficacy of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"11","author":"Cai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.2478\/folmed-2018-0053","article-title":"Antioxidant activity and antiproliferative effects of Lycium barbarum\u2019s (Goji berry) fractions on breast cancer cell lines","volume":"61","author":"Georgiev","year":"2019","journal-title":"Folia Med. (Plovdiv)"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2016.05.114","article-title":"Effect of Lycium barbarum berries cultivated in Umbria (Italy) on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells","volume":"231","author":"Ceccarini","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.14611","article-title":"A mixture of functional complex extracts from Lycium barbarum and grape seed enhances immunity synergistically in vitro and in vivo","volume":"84","author":"You","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1248\/yakushi.125.981","article-title":"Effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on the improvement of insulin resistance in NIDDM rats","volume":"125","author":"Zhao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Yakugaku Zasshi"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"809","article-title":"Effects of Lycium barbarum (goji berry) on dry eye disease in rats","volume":"17","author":"Chien","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1800535","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201800535","article-title":"Goji berry modulates gut microbiota and alleviates colitis in IL-10-deficient mice","volume":"62","author":"Kang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1021\/jf071988k","article-title":"Berry fruits: Compositional elements, biochemical activities, and the impact of their intake on human health, performance, and disease","volume":"56","author":"Seeram","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318205a18f","article-title":"Goji berry effects on macular characteristics and plasma antioxidant levels","volume":"88","author":"Bucheli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Optom. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7601","DOI":"10.1038\/srep07601","article-title":"Retinal structure and function preservation by polysaccharides of wolfberry in a mouse model of retinal degeneration","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.05.045","article-title":"Lycium barbarum polysaccharides ameliorates renal injury and inflammatory reaction in alloxan-induced diabetic nephropathy rabbits","volume":"157","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2018.12.016","article-title":"Effects of Goji berries supplementation on the productive performance of rabbit","volume":"220","author":"Menchetti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2019.108018","article-title":"The effect of Goji berries (Lycium barbarum) dietary supplementation on rabbit meat quality","volume":"161","author":"Menchetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Meat Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2014.04.009","article-title":"Effects of a bacterial lipopolysaccharide on the reproductive functions of rabbit does","volume":"147","author":"Brecchia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731111002643","article-title":"Effects of feeding programme on the performance and energy balance of nulliparous rabbit does","volume":"6","author":"Cervera","year":"2012","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.1.00083","article-title":"Expression patterns of cytokines, p53 and nitric oxide synthase isoenzymes in corpora lutea of pseudopregnant rabbits during spontaneous luteolysis","volume":"127","author":"Boiti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/S0890-6238(00)00101-5","article-title":"The rabbit as a model for reproductive and developmental toxicity studies","volume":"14","author":"Foote","year":"2000","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Menchetti, L., Barbato, O., Sforna, M., Vigo, D., Mattioli, S., Curone, G., Tecilla, M., and Riva, F. (2020). Brecchia Effects of diets enriched in linseed and fish oil on the expression pattern of Toll-Like receptors 4 and proinflammatory cytokines on gonadal axis and reproductive organs in rabbit buck. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev., 2020.","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4327470"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2017.10.046","article-title":"Effects of local lipopolysaccharide administration on the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 and pro-inflammatory cytokines in uterus and oviduct of rabbit does","volume":"107","author":"Menchetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.13295","article-title":"Semen quality improvement in boars fed with supplemental wolfberry (Lycium barbarum)","volume":"90","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim. Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.12537","article-title":"Effects of pre-slaughter stressor and feeding preventative Chinese medicinal herbs on glycolysis and oxidative stability in pigs","volume":"87","author":"Bai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anim. Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castrica, M., Menchetti, L., Balzaretti, C., Branciari, R., Ranucci, D., Cotozzolo, E., Vigo, D., Curone, G., Brecchia, G., and Miraglia, D. (2020). Impact of dietary supplementation with goji berries (Lycium barbarum) on microbiological quality, physico-chemical, and sensory characteristics of rabbit meat. Foods, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9101480"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.11.017","article-title":"Food restriction during pregnancy in rabbits: Effects on hormones and metabolites involved in energy homeostasis and metabolic programming","volume":"98","author":"Menchetti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2018.01.024","article-title":"The different effects of linseed and fish oil supplemented diets on insulin sensitivity of rabbit does during pregnancy","volume":"118","author":"Menchetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4995\/wrs.2015.1703","article-title":"Feed restriction during pregnancy: Effects on body condition and productive performance of primiparous rabbit does","volume":"23","author":"Menchetti","year":"2015","journal-title":"World Rabbit Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2005.06.009","article-title":"Energy balance and reproductive performance in rabbit does","volume":"93","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.13637","article-title":"Serum concentrations of leptin in pregnant and non-pregnant bitches","volume":"55","author":"Troisi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod. Domest. Anim."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2020.106505","article-title":"Energy homeostasis in rabbit does during pregnancy and pseudopregnancy","volume":"218","author":"Menchetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2010.02017.x","article-title":"Hormone interactions regulating energy balance during pregnancy","volume":"22","author":"Ladyman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2005.09.006","article-title":"Hormonal and metabolic adaptation to fasting: Effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and reproductive performance of rabbit does","volume":"31","author":"Brecchia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Domest. Anim. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"60","article-title":"Prediction of the apparent digestible energy content of commercial pelleted feeds for rabbits","volume":"11","author":"Maertens","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Appl. Rabbit Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1071\/RD10298","article-title":"Acute fasting before conception affects metabolic and endocrine status without impacting follicle and oocyte development and embryo gene expression in the rabbit","volume":"23","author":"Rebollar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reprod. Fertil. Dev."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Garson, G.D. (2013). Factor Analysis, Statistical Associates Publishers."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Righi, C., Menchetti, L., Orlandi, R., Moscati, L., Mancini, S., and Diverio, S. (2019). Welfare Assessment in Shelter Dogs by Using Physiological and Immunological Parameters. Animals, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9060340"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agradi, S., Curone, G., Negroni, D., Vigo, D., Brecchia, G., Bronzo, V., Chiesa, L., Peric, T., Danes, D., and Menchetti, L. (2020). Determination of fatty acids profile in Original Brown cows dairy products and relationship with alpine pasture farming system. Animals, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10071231"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Menchetti, L., Calipari, S., Guelfi, G., Catanzaro, A., and Diverio, S. (2018). My dog is not my cat: Owner perception of the personalities of dogs and cats living in the same household. Animals, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani8060080"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","article-title":"G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences","volume":"39","author":"Faul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioural Sciences, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1997.7750","article-title":"The placenta is not the main source of leptin production in pregnant rat: Gestational profile of leptin in plasma and adipose tissues","volume":"240","author":"Kawai","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1710339","article-title":"Decreased concentration of plasma leptin in periparturient dairy cows is caused by negative energy balance","volume":"171","author":"Block","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2017.04.040","article-title":"Serum concentration dynamic of energy homeostasis hormones, leptin, insulin, thyroid hormones, and cortisol throughout canine pregnancy and lactation","volume":"97","author":"Cardinali","year":"2017","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/4.6.904","article-title":"Insulin in obstetrics: A main parameter in the management of pregnancy","volume":"4","author":"Ciampelli","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"205","article-title":"Rabbit milk: A review of quantity, quality and non-dietary affecting factors","volume":"14","author":"Maertens","year":"2006","journal-title":"World Rabbit Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2016.04.039","article-title":"Associations of insulin resistance later in lactation on fertility of dairy cows","volume":"86","author":"Baruselli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2015.08.007","article-title":"Effects of excessive energy intake and supplementation with chromium propionate on insulin resistance parameters, milk production, and reproductive outcomes of lactating dairy cows","volume":"180","author":"Leiva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2013.04.002","article-title":"Insulin resistance in dairy cows","volume":"29","author":"Opsomer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Food Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.1262\/jrd.1056S29","article-title":"Monitoring metabolic health of dairy cattle in the transition period","volume":"56","author":"Leblanc","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Dev."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3363","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2008-0994","article-title":"Interrelations between glucose-induced insulin response, metabolic indicators, and time of first ovulation in high-yielding dairy cows","volume":"91","author":"Bossaert","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E679","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00377.2013","article-title":"Mechanisms for food polyphenols to ameliorate insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction: Therapeutic implications for diabetes and its cardiovascular complications","volume":"305","author":"Munir","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12573","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-12597-9","article-title":"Maternal intake of grape seed procyanidins during lactation induces insulin resistance and an adiponectin resistance-like phenotype in rat offspring","volume":"7","author":"Caimari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2515","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skz128","article-title":"Effects of dietary grape seed polyphenols supplementation during late gestation and lactation on antioxidant status in serum and immunoglobulin content in colostrum of multiparous sows","volume":"97","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4159","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/sky278","article-title":"Tea polyphenols protect bovine mammary epithelial cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in vitro","volume":"96","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.01.012","article-title":"Maternal green tea polyphenol intake during lactation attenuates kidney injury in high-fat-diet-fed male offspring programmed by maternal protein restriction in rats","volume":"56","author":"Kataoka","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrep.2016.12.011","article-title":"Maternal resveratrol intake during lactation attenuates hepatic triglyceride and fatty acid synthesis in adult male rat offspring","volume":"9","author":"Tanaka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Reports"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1051\/rnd:2006009","article-title":"Long term effect of post-weaning rhythm on the body fat and performance of rabbit doe","volume":"46","author":"Castellini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Reprod. Nutr. Dev."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2010.03.013","article-title":"High lactation index is associated with insulin sensitivity","volume":"22","author":"Bluck","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2004.02.014","article-title":"Leptin signaling","volume":"81","author":"Ahima","year":"2004","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(01)33016-9","article-title":"Food intake and leptin during pregnancy and lactation","volume":"133","author":"Johnstone","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-38258","article-title":"Leptin and the adaptations of lactation in rodents and ruminants","volume":"34","author":"Vernon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Horm. Metab. Res."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4270","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.82.12.4590","article-title":"Presence of leptin in colostrum and\/or breast milk from lactating mothers: A potential role in the regulation of neonatal food intake","volume":"82","author":"Casabiell","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"875","article-title":"Leptin as a breast milk component for the prevention of obesity","volume":"76","author":"Palou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803585","article-title":"The intake of physiological doses of leptin during lactation in rats prevents obesity in later life","volume":"31","author":"Oliver","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00020.2013","article-title":"Leptin gene in rabbit: Cloning and expression in mammary epithelial cells during pregnancy and lactation","volume":"45","author":"Koch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiol. Genomics"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS19970076","article-title":"Insulin action and non-esterified fatty acids","volume":"56","author":"Ferrannini","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/10\/11\/2000\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:27:06Z","timestamp":1760178426000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/10\/11\/2000"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["ani10112000"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani10112000","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2076-2615"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]]}}}