{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:23:08Z","timestamp":1760239388686,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,8]],"date-time":"2020-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Campylobacter species are common commensals in the gastrointestinal tract of livestock animals; thus, animal-to-human transmission occurs frequently. We investigated for the first time, class 1 integrons and associated gene cassettes among pan drug-resistant (PDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and multidrug-resistant (MDR) Campylobacter species isolated from livestock animals and humans in Egypt. Campylobacter species were detected in 58.11% of the analyzed chicken samples represented as 67.53% Campylobacter jejuni(C. jejuni) and 32.47% Campylobacter coli (C. coli). C. jejuni isolates were reported in 51.42%, 74.28%, and 66.67% of examined minced meat, raw milk, and human stool samples, respectively. Variable antimicrobial resistance phenotypes; PDR (2.55%), XDR (68.94%), and MDR (28.5%) campylobacters were reported. Molecular analysis revealed that 97.36% of examined campylobacters were integrase gene-positive; all harbored the class 1 integrons, except one possessed an empty integron structure. DNA sequence analysis revealed the predominance of aadA (81.08%) and dfrA (67.56%) alleles accounting for resistance to aminoglycosides and trimethoprim, respectively. This is the first report of aacC5-aadA7\u03944 gene cassette array and a putative phage tail tape measure protein on class 1 integrons of Campylobacter isolates. Evidence from this study showed the possibility of Campylobacter\u2013bacteriophage interactions and treatment failure in animals and humans due to horizontal gene transfer mediated by class 1 integrons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10112067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,8]],"date-time":"2020-11-08T19:03:37Z","timestamp":1604862217000},"page":"2067","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["First Report of aacC5-aadA7\u03944 Gene Cassette Array and Phage Tail Tape Measure Protein on Class 1 Integrons of Campylobacter Species Isolated from Animal and Human Sources in Egypt"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8309-9058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norhan K.","family":"Abd El-Aziz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Ammar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6888-3132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mona M.","family":"Hamdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adil A.","family":"Gobouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1122-3942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ehab","family":"Azab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3063-8705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alaa H.","family":"Sewid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2005012","article-title":"Campylobacter","volume":"36","author":"Moore","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S285","DOI":"10.1086\/381598","article-title":"Risk factors for sporadic Campylobacter infection in the United States: A case-control study in FoodNet sites","volume":"38","author":"Friedman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. 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