{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:37:42Z","timestamp":1787499462433,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]],"date-time":"2020-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002850","name":"Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient\u00edfico y Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1180946"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1180946"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002850","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002848","name":"Comisi\u00f3n Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21171843"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21171843"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002848","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute ruminal acidosis (ARA) is caused by the excessive intake of highly fermentable carbohydrates, followed by the massive production of D-lactate and the appearance of neutrophilic aseptic polysynovitis. Bovines with ARA develop different lesions, such as ruminitis, polioencephalomalacia (calves), liver abscess and lameness. Lameness in cattle with ARA is closely associated with the presence of laminitis and polysynovitis. However, despite decades of research in bovine lameness as consequence of ruminal acidosis, the aetiology and pathogenesis remain unclear. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) are components of synovial tissue, and under pathological conditions, FLSs increase cytokine production, aggravating inflammatory responses. We hypothesized that D-lactate could induce cytokine production in bovine FLSs. Analysis by qRT-PCR and ELISA revealed that D-lactate, but not L-lactate, increased the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in a monocarboxylate transporter-1-dependent manner. In addition, we observed that the inhibition of the p38, ERK1\/2, PI3K\/Akt, and NF-\u03baB pathways reduced the production of IL-8 and IL-6. In conclusion, our results suggest that D-lactate induces an inflammatory response; this study contributes to the literature by revealing a potential key role of D-lactate in the polysynovitis of cattle with ARA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10112105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]],"date-time":"2020-11-13T08:44:02Z","timestamp":1605257042000},"page":"2105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["D-Lactate Increases Cytokine Production in Bovine Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes via MCT1 Uptake and the MAPK, PI3K\/Akt, and NF\u03baB Pathways"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Carolina","family":"Manosalva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Pharmacy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Quiroga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile"},{"name":"Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile"},{"name":"PhD Program in Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6839-7548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefanie","family":"Teuber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebasti\u00e1n","family":"C\u00e1rdenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Daniella","family":"Carretta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Mor\u00e1n G","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7478-5408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Alarc\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile"},{"name":"Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Ang\u00e9lica","family":"Hidalgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8182-2502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael Agust\u00edn","family":"Burgos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile"},{"name":"Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2009.09.001","article-title":"Polysynovitis after oligofructose overload in dairy cattle","volume":"142","author":"Danscher","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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