{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T23:03:18Z","timestamp":1777590198376,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]],"date-time":"2020-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nineteen raccoons were enrolled in this study. The aim was to evaluate and compare the quality of anesthesia and the cardiorespiratory effects following treatment with a ketamine-based combination with either dexmedetomidine (KD group) or midazolam (KM group) in raccoons undergoing ovariohysterectomy\/orchiectomy. General anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane in oxygen and sufentanil infusion. The time required to approach the animals was similar among groups resulting in a median of 5 min after IM injection. Animals in group KD were scored with greater myorelaxation (p &lt; 0.01) and easier intubation (p &lt; 0.05). Moreover 70% of them did not require other drugs for tracheal intubation unlike animals in group KM, which required propofol in 100% of cases. After intubation and connection to the breathing circuit, physiological parameters were monitored continuously and recorded every 5 min. Sevoflurane requirements were lower in group KD than KM (p = 0.005). Blood pressure was maintained within physiological ranges in both groups but with higher values in group KM (p &lt; 0.05). Mild respiratory depression occurred during surgery and animals in group KM showed greater respiratory acidosis (p &lt; 0.05). Recovery was smooth and uneventful in all animals. Both anesthetic protocols can be recommended for safe anesthesia in wild raccoons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10112110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]],"date-time":"2020-11-13T10:32:47Z","timestamp":1605263567000},"page":"2110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Gonadectomy in Raccoons: Anesthetic and Cardiorespiratory Effects of Two Ketamine-Based Pre-Anesthetic Protocols before Sevoflurane-Sufentanil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7774-9920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Nannarone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Perugia University, 06126 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"De Monte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Perugia University, 06126 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rolando","family":"Arcelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Perugia University, 06126 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8500-7970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Menchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Perugia University, 06126 Perugia, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Gialletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Perugia University, 06126 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2020, October 22). 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