{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T15:04:06Z","timestamp":1781967846291,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,25]],"date-time":"2020-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001862","name":"Svenska Forskningsr\u00e5det Formas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Project 2017-00946 and Project 2019-00288"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project 2017-00946 and Project 2019-00288"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001862","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Project 2015-05919"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project 2015-05919"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IJDC-2015-24380"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IJDC-2015-24380"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002809","name":"Generalitat de Catalunya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FI_B 00236"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FI_B 00236"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The maternal environment modulates immune responses to facilitate embryo development and ensure pregnancy. Unraveling this modulation could improve the livestock breeding systems. Here it is hypothesized that the exposure of the female rabbit reproductive tract to semen, as well as to early embryos, modulates inflammation and angiogenesis among different tissue segments. qPCR analysis of the gene expression changes of the anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL10) and transforming growth factor beta family (TGF\u03b21\u20133) and the angiogenesis mediator vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) were examined in response to mating or insemination with sperm-free seminal plasma (SP). Reproductive tract segment (cervix to infundibulum) samples were obtained in Experiment 1, 20 h after gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation (control), natural mating (NM) or vaginal infusion with sperm-free SP (SP-AI). Additionally, segmented samples were also obtained at 10, 24, 36, 68 or 72 h after GnRH-stimulation and natural mating (Experiment 2). The results of gene expression, analyzed by quantitative PCR, showed that NM effects were mainly localized in the uterine tissues, depicting clear temporal variation, while SP-AI effects were restricted to the oviduct. Changes in anti-inflammatory and angiogenesis mediators indicate an early response in the uterus and a late modulation in the oviduct either induced by semen or preimplantation embryos. This knowledge could be used in the implementation of physiological strategies in breeding systems to face the new challenges on rabbit productivity and sustainability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10122207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,25]],"date-time":"2020-11-25T08:59:15Z","timestamp":1606294755000},"page":"2207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Semen Modulates Inflammation and Angiogenesis in the Reproductive Tract of Female Rabbits"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7524-2088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaume","family":"Gardela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Division of Children\u2019s and Women Health (BKH), Obstetrics and Gynecology, Link\u00f6ping University, 58185 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0938-7734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amaia","family":"Jauregi-Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology (MMV), Link\u00f6ping University, 58185 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6811-0191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina A.","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Division of Children\u2019s and Women Health (BKH), Obstetrics and Gynecology, Link\u00f6ping University, 58185 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5194-2124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heriberto","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Division of Children\u2019s and Women Health (BKH), Obstetrics and Gynecology, Link\u00f6ping University, 58185 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manel","family":"L\u00f3pez-B\u00e9jar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0120-354X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"\u00c1lvarez-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Division of Children\u2019s and Women Health (BKH), Obstetrics and Gynecology, Link\u00f6ping University, 58185 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"United States Department of Agriculture (2020, May 29). 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