{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T23:46:57Z","timestamp":1790380017843,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]],"date-time":"2020-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Short beak and dwarfism syndrome (SBDS), which was previously identified only in mule ducks, is now an emerging disease of Pekin ducks in China and Egypt. The disease is caused by the infection of ducks with a genetic variant of goose parvovirus\u2014novel goose parvovirus (nGPV). In 2019, SBDS was observed for the first time in Poland in eight farms of Pekin ducks. Birds in the affected flock were found to show growth retardation and beak atrophy with tongue protrusions. Morbidity ranged between 15% and 40% (in one flock), while the mortality rate was 4\u20136%. Co-infection with duck circovirus, a known immunosuppressive agent, was observed in 85.7% of ducks. The complete coding regions of four isolates were sequenced and submitted to GenBank. The phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship of Polish viral sequences with the Chinese nGPV. Genomic sequence alignments showed 98.57\u201399.28% identity with the nGPV sequences obtained in China, and 96.42% identity with the classical GPV (cGPV; Derzsy\u2019s disease). The rate of amino acid mutations in comparison to cGPV and Chinese nGPV was higher in the Rep protein than in the Vp1 protein. To our knowledge, this is the first report of nGPV infection in Pekin ducks in Poland and Europe. It should be emphasized that monitoring and sequencing of waterfowl parvoviruses is important for tracking the viral genetic changes that enable adaptation to new species of waterbirds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10122397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]],"date-time":"2020-12-15T09:12:57Z","timestamp":1608023577000},"page":"2397","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Short Beak and Dwarfism Syndrome in Ducks in Poland Caused by Novel Goose Parvovirus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Anna Karolina","family":"Matczuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 51-375 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Chmielewska-W\u0142adyka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epizootiology with Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki 45, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Siedlecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epizootiology with Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki 45, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolina Julia","family":"Bednarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AGRO-VET Veterinary Laboratory, Kuropatwia 2, 51-419 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7018-6507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alina","family":"Wieliczko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epizootiology with Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki 45, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450902737839","article-title":"Short beak and dwarfism syndrome of mule duck is caused by a distinct lineage of goose parvovirus","volume":"38","author":"Palya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"56","article-title":"Syndrom karlowatosci i skroconego dzioba u kaczek mulard","volume":"2","author":"Budzyk","year":"1995","journal-title":"\u017bycie Weter."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.07.020","article-title":"Novel duck parvovirus identified in Cherry Valley ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus), China","volume":"44","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect. 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