{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T05:23:05Z","timestamp":1792646585219,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]],"date-time":"2020-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Placentophagia is a common mammalian behavior, and the first scientific study of the potential effects of human maternal placentophagia on lactation was in 1917. More recently, in the 1970s, human placentophagia was reported in North America with a trend toward increased consumption. There are different hypotheses about the women and nonhuman mammals\u2019 motivation towards placentophagia, but few have been subject to hypotheses testing. In women, the controversy continues; on the one hand, researchers attribute benefits like increased breast milk, weight gain in newborns, decreased postpartum depression and fatigue, and improved mothers\u2019 mood. In contrast, bacterial or viral infections, hormonal, or trace elements that could become toxic for both the mother and baby are reported as possible health risks. Other reports argue a lack of scientific rigor to support the self-reported benefits of placentophagia. Also, the way the placenta is prepared (raw, cooked, dehydrated, processed, or encapsulated) alters its components, and thus the desired effects. This review provides relevant information and the different hypotheses and points of view around placentophagia. However, there are still questions to be resolved, and more studies are needed to confirm or reject the data generated so far about placentophagia in humans and nonhuman mammals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10122398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]],"date-time":"2020-12-15T09:12:57Z","timestamp":1608023577000},"page":"2398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Consumption of Maternal Placenta in Humans and Nonhuman Mammals: Beneficial and Adverse Effects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0562-0367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Mota-Rojas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana (UAM), 04960 Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1226-7717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agust\u00edn","family":"Orihuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, 62209 Morelos, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7203-3472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Strappini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Science Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5110566 Valdivia, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dina","family":"Villanueva-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, National Institute of Health Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico Federico G\u00f3mez, 06720 Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7169-5300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Napolitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8153-8210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Mora-Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Livestock Science Department, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitl\u00e1n, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM), 54714 Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7590-319X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo B.","family":"Barrios-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate and Research Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria, 87000 Tamaulipas, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuridia","family":"Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana (UAM), 04960 Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eunice","family":"Lavalle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana (UAM), 04960 Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8681-4261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julio","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Burnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate and Research Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria, 87000 Tamaulipas, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0149-7634(80)90012-3","article-title":"Placentophagia: A biobehavioral enigma (or De gustibus non disputandum est)","volume":"4","author":"Kristal","year":"1980","journal-title":"Neurosci. 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