{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T03:51:13Z","timestamp":1779335473533,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]],"date-time":"2021-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["grant 292393"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant 292393"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intestinal permeability (IP) tests are used to assess intestinal damage in patients and research models. The probe iohexol has shown advantages compared to 51Cr-EDTA or absorbable\/nonabsorbable sugars. During IP tests, animals are housed in metabolic cages (MCs) to collect urine. We examined the performance of an iohexol IP test in mice. Rag1-\/- (C57BL\/6) mice of both sexes were divided into controls or treatment groups, the latter receiving injections of effector\/memory T cells to induce intestinal inflammation. After two, four and five weeks (W), a single dose of iohexol was orally administered. Urine was collected seven times over 24 h in MCs. Iohexol concentration was measured by ELISA. Intestinal histological damage was scored in duodenal sections. In control and treated mice of both sexes, urinary excretion of iohexol peaked at 4 h. From W2 to W4\/W5, urinary iohexol excretion increased in treated mice of both sexes, consistent with development of duodenitis in this model. Positive correlations were observed between the urinary excretion of iohexol in W4\/W5 and the histological severity of duodenitis in treated male mice. We conclude that a 6 h cumulative urine sample appears sufficient to evaluate small IP to iohexol in this mouse model, improving animal welfare by reducing cage periods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11010079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]],"date-time":"2021-01-04T21:58:36Z","timestamp":1609797516000},"page":"79","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Urinary Excretion of Iohexol as a Permeability Marker in a Mouse Model of Intestinal Inflammation: Time Course, Performance and Welfare Considerations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6969-4993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Ort\u00edn-Piqueras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Comparative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tobias L","family":"Freitag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leif C","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4189-2415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanna H","family":"Lehtonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Research Programme for Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9142-501X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seppo K","family":"Meri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0176-7428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Spillmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Frias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"An in vivo permeability test protocol using iohexol to reduce and refi ne the use of laboratory rats in intestinal damage assessment","volume":"40","author":"Frias","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scand. 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