{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T12:45:51Z","timestamp":1775825151383,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]],"date-time":"2021-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\/24954-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/24954-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Finance Code 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Finance Code 001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Evidence of sarcocystid infection was investigated in samples of 16 penguins (Spheniscus. magellanicus), four Dominican gulls (Larus dominicanus) and two Chilean skuas (Stercorarius chilensis) found in Madalenas Islands, Chile, in 2017. Samples of skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle and brain from all birds were screened by a pan-sarcocystid nested-PCR targeting a short fragment of the gene encoding the small ribosomal unit (nPCR-18Sa). The only two positive samples by nPCR-18Sa, both from skuas, were tested by a nested-PCR directed to the internal transcribed spacer 1 (nPCR-ITS1), also a pan-sarcocystidae nested-PCR, and to a nested-PCR directed to the B1 gene (nPCR-B1), for the exclusive detection of Toxoplasma gondii. The two nPCR-18Sa-positive samples were nPCR-ITS1-positive and nPCR-B1-negative. The nPCR-ITS1 nucleotide sequences from the two skuas, which were identical to each other, were revealed closely related to homologous sequences of Sarcocystis halieti, species found in seabirds of northern hemisphere. Larger fragments of genes encoding 18S and partial sequences of genes coding for cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 were also analyzed, corroborating ITS1 data. The haplotypes found in the skuas are unprecedent and closely related to species that use birds as the definitive host. Further studies need to be carried out to detect, identify and isolate this parasite to understand the epidemiology of the infection and its impact on the health of marine fauna.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11020245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]],"date-time":"2021-01-20T12:16:18Z","timestamp":1611144978000},"page":"245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Molecular Characterization of New Haplotype of Genus Sarcocystis in Seabirds from Magdalena Island, Southern Chile"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2865-9806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor C. L.","family":"Acosta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Avenida Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, S\u00e3o Paulo CEP 05508-270, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Solange M.","family":"Gennari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Avenida Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, S\u00e3o Paulo CEP 05508-270, Brazil"},{"name":"PhD Program in Medicine, Animal Welfare and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Santo Amaro, Rua Prof. En\u00e9as de Siqueira Neto, 340, S\u00e3o Paulo CEP 04829-300, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7717-4875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Horwald A. B.","family":"Llano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Avenida Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, S\u00e3o Paulo CEP 05508-270, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebasti\u00e1n","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Avenida Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, S\u00e3o Paulo CEP 05508-270, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Concepci\u00f3n, Avenida Vicente Mendez, 595, Chill\u00e1n CEP 3780000, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7736-7914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo M.","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Avenida Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, S\u00e3o Paulo CEP 05508-270, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(96)10030-2","article-title":"Rhoptry organelles of the apicomplexa: Their role in host cell invasion and intracellular survival","volume":"12","year":"1996","journal-title":"Parasitol. 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