{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T23:41:23Z","timestamp":1784936483262,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Wild birds may host and spread pathogens, integrating the epidemiology of infectious diseases. Particularly, Larus spp. have been described as responsible for the spread of many enteric diseases, primarily because of their large populations at landfill sites. The aim of this study was to examine the role of yellow-legged gulls as a source of enteropathogenic bacteria such as Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and Yersinia spp., with particular attention to antibiotic-resistant strains. Enteropathogenic bacteria were isolated from 93\/225 yellow-legged gulls examined from April to July, during a four-year period (2016\u20132019). Specifically, Campylobacter spp. was isolated from 60\/225 samples (26.7%), and identified as C. coli (36\/60) and as C. jejuni (24\/60). Salmonella spp. was isolated from 3\/225 samples (1.3%), and identified as Salmonella arizonae. Shiga toxin-producing E. coli were isolated from 30\/225 samples (13.3%) samples, and serotyped as E. coli O128 (12\/30) O26 (9\/30), O157 (6\/30) and O11 (3\/30); Yersinia spp. was never detected. Isolated strains exhibited multidrug resistance, including vitally important antibiotics for human medicine (i.e., fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines). Our study emphasizes the importance of yellow-legged gulls as potential reservoirs of pathogenic and resistant strains and their involvement in the dissemination of these bacteria across different environments, with resulting public health concerns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11020275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T11:13:53Z","timestamp":1611314033000},"page":"275","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Enteropathogenic Bacteria in Yellow-Legged Gulls (Larus michahellis) in Southern Italy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3844-8455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamara Pasqualina","family":"Russo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0177-3219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonino","family":"Pace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Marine Turtle Research Centre, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, via Nuovo Macello 16, 80055 Portici, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorena","family":"Varriale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5650-7458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Borrelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Gargiulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Pompameo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Hospital, ASL Napoli 1 Centro, via M. Rocco di Torrepadula 13, 80145 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Fioretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludovico","family":"Dipineto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Serra, L., Andreotti, A., Kirov, D., Nardelli, R., Nissardi, S., Pirello, S., Popov, D., Sadoul, N., Volpini, S., and Zucca, C. (2020, September 16). 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