{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T07:53:23Z","timestamp":1768722803793,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A complete ultrasound examination (cUS) of the liver was performed on 172 female sheep and compared to the performance of a fast-focused ultrasound technique to diagnose echinococcal cysts. The scanned area was divided in: HYP (right hypocondrium), zone (Z)1 from HYP to the 11th intercostal space (IS), Z2 (10th\u20138th IS) and Z3 (7th\u20135th IS). Contiguous scans were also examined (HYP + Z1, Z1 + Z2, Z2 + Z3). Furthermore, during the procedures, the sheep were divided into three groups according to the body weight: Group (G) 1 (lighter), G2 (medium), and G3 (heavier). Finally, diagnostic outcomes were compared with necropsy findings. cUS obtained the highest values of sensitivity (Se) (91%), Specificity (Sp) (80%), and positive-zones (124\/138, 90%), as compared to the other scans. cUS was also characterized by high values of Se and Sp and was able to identify a great number of positive-zones, when sheep were divided by body-weight groups. Similar performances were obtained in G1 by HYP (Se: 91%\u2013Sp: 82%; 18\/20, 90% of positive-zones) and HYP + Z1 scans (Se: 91%\u2013Sp: 82; 90% of positive-zones, 18\/20). Thus, in lighter breeds, the examination of HYP and HYP + Z1 scan windows could be considered reliable techniques for identifying the infected animals, while in heavier sheep the cUS still represents the best option.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11020452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T23:43:16Z","timestamp":1612914196000},"page":"452","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Fast Focus Ultrasound Liver Technique for the Assessment of Cystic Echinococcosis in Sheep"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4993-0511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuliano","family":"Borriello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli \u201cFederico II\u201d, via Delpino, 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3390-137X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacopo","family":"Guccione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli \u201cFederico II\u201d, via Delpino, 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Di Loria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli \u201cFederico II\u201d, via Delpino, 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Bosco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli \u201cFederico II\u201d, via Delpino, 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3908-4251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Pepe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli \u201cFederico II\u201d, via Delpino, 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0399-1239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Prisco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli \u201cFederico II\u201d, via Delpino, 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Cringoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli \u201cFederico II\u201d, via Delpino, 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3091-0905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orlando","family":"Paciello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli \u201cFederico II\u201d, via Delpino, 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Rinaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli \u201cFederico II\u201d, via Delpino, 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5518-5378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Ciaramella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli \u201cFederico II\u201d, via Delpino, 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70134-2","article-title":"Prevention and control of cystic echinococcosis","volume":"7","author":"Craig","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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