{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:48:20Z","timestamp":1760233700985,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,13]],"date-time":"2021-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Probiotics have become highly recognized as supplements for poultry.Since gut health can be considered synonymous withanimal health, the effects of probiotic Slab51\u00ae on the morphology and the glycan composition of guineafowlintestine were examined. The probiotics were added in drinking water (2 \u00d7 1011 UFC\/L) throughout the grow-out cycle.Birds were individually weighed andslaughtered after four months. Samples from the duodenum, ileum and caecum were collected and processed for morphological, morphometric, conventional and lectin glycohistochemical studies.The results were analyzed for statistical significance by Student\u2019s t test. Compared with control samples, probiotic group revealed (1) significant increase in villus height (p &lt; 0.001 in duodenum and ileum; p &lt; 0.05 in caecum), crypt depth (p &lt; 0.001 in duodenum and caecum; p &lt; 0.05 in ileum) and goblet cells (GCs) per villus (p &lt; 0.001) in all investigated tracts; (2) increase in galactose\u03b2l,3N-acetylgalacyosamine(Gal\u03b2l,3GalNAc)terminating O-glycans and \u03b1l,2-fucosylated glycans secretory GCs in the duodenum; (3) increase in \u03b12,6-sialoglycans and high-mannose N-linked glycans secretory GCs but reduction in GCs-secreting sulfoglycans in the ileum; (4) increase in Gal\u03b2l,3GalNAc and high-mannose N-linked glycans secretory GCs and decrease in GCs-producing sulfomucins in the caecum; (5) increase in the numbers of crypt cells containing sulfate and non-sulfated acidic glycans. Overall, dietary Slab51\u00ae induces morphological and region-specific changes in glycoprotein composition of guinea fowl intestine, promoting gut health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11020495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,14]],"date-time":"2021-02-14T02:08:12Z","timestamp":1613268492000},"page":"495","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Modulation of Morphology and Glycan Composition of Mucins in Farmed Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris) Intestine by the Multi-Strain Probiotic Slab51\u00ae"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Desantis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.P. 62 per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5094-8359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Livio","family":"Galosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences and Veterinary medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93\/95, 62024 Matelica (M.C.), Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Santamaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.P. 62 per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8926-3362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Roncarati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences and Veterinary medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93\/95, 62024 Matelica (M.C.), Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Biagini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences and Veterinary medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93\/95, 62024 Matelica (M.C.), Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8617-5984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giacomo","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences and Veterinary medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93\/95, 62024 Matelica (M.C.), Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-010-0131-2","article-title":"Intestinal goblet cells and mucins in health and disease: Recent insights and progress","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. 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