{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T01:48:19Z","timestamp":1767836899864,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Forest Found (Poland); project \u201cComplex project of European bison conservation by State Forests\u201d","award":["contract number OR.271.3.10.2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["contract number OR.271.3.10.2017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Q fever is an important zoonosis caused by the intracellular Gram-negative bacteria Coxiella burnetii. The source of infection are numerous species of mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, as well as ticks. The disease is widespread throughout Europe, but the role of wildlife in its epidemiology is poorly understood. The European bison (Bison bonasus) population has been growing European-wide quite dynamically over the last few years. The aim of this study was to determine whether C. burnetii infection occurs in European bison and whether it can be considered an important bacterial reservoir in the natural environment. Five hundred and twenty three samples of European bison sera originating from 14 (out of the 26 existing) Polish populations were examined for the presence of specific antibodies using an ID Screen Q Fever Indirect Multi-species ELISA test. Only one (0.19%) serum sample was positive in ELISA, and two other samples were doubtful. The only seropositive animal found in this study was a free-living bull. It suggests possible transmission from domestic cattle by sharing pastures. The transmission of C. burnetii into the European bison was rather accidental in the country and its role as an important wild reservoir is unlikely. Since no tests are available for wildlife ruminants there is a need for the adaptation of the available tests.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11030651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T10:25:18Z","timestamp":1614594318000},"page":"651","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A Freedom of Coxiella burnetii Infection Survey in European Bison (Bison bonasus) in Poland"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8372-0796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142 K.","family":"Krzysiak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bia\u0142owie\u017ca National Park, Park Pa\u0142acowy 11, 17-230 Bia\u0142owie\u017ca, Poland"},{"name":"Institute of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bia\u0142ystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45 E, 15-351 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martyna","family":"Puchalska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences\u2014SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6166-3954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wanda","family":"Olech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Genetics and Conservation, Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences\u2014SGGW, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Anusz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences\u2014SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.7589\/2017-07-172","article-title":"Recent Changes in Infectious Diseases in European Wildlife","volume":"55","author":"Yon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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