{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T02:43:30Z","timestamp":1779331410014,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,21]],"date-time":"2021-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009751","name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018-70-KG"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-70-KG"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009751","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Center for Companion Animal Health (CCAH), UC Davis &amp; The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine (KSVM)","award":["2018-70-KG"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-70-KG"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Equine coronavirus (ECoV) infection is the cause of an emerging enteric disease of adult horses. Outbreaks have been reported in the USA, EU and Japan, as well as sporadic cases in the UK and Saudi Arabia. Infection of ECoV in horses in Israel has never been reported, and the risk of exposure is unknown. Importation and exportation of horses from and into Israel may have increased the exposure of horses in Israel to ECoV. While the disease is mostly self-limiting, with or without supportive treatment, severe complications may occur in some animals, and healthy carriers may pose a risk of infection to other horses. This study was set to evaluate the risk of exposure to ECoV of horses in Israel by using a previously validated, S1-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 41 out of 333 horses (12.3%) were seropositive. Exposure to ECoV was detected in 17 of 29 farms (58.6%) and the seroprevalence varied between 0 and 37.5% amongst farms. The only factor found to be significantly associated with ECoV exposure in the multivariable model was the geographical area (p &lt; 0.001). ECoV should be included in the differential diagnosis list of pathogens in cases of adult horses with anorexia, lethargy, fever and gastrointestinal signs in Israel.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11030894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,21]],"date-time":"2021-03-21T22:00:37Z","timestamp":1616364037000},"page":"894","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Exposure to Equine Coronavirus in Apparently Healthy Horses in Israel"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9202-9841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gili","family":"Schvartz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel"},{"name":"Division of Virology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan 50250, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3810-8418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon","family":"Tirosh-Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Barnum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Virology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan 50250, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8731-2490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asaf","family":"Sol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Virology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan 50250, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Pusterla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0984-6822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir","family":"Steinman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2007.06.035","article-title":"Genomic characterization of equine coronavirus","volume":"369","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s13337-020-00632-9","article-title":"SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and 2019-nCoV viruses: An overview of origin, evolution, and genetic variations","volume":"31","author":"Krishnamoorthy","year":"2020","journal-title":"VirusDisease"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2012.10.014","article-title":"Emerging outbreaks associated with equine coronavirus in adult horses","volume":"162","author":"Pusterla","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. 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