{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T12:31:32Z","timestamp":1781613092120,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AGL2016-76568-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGL2016-76568-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Contagious agalactia is a mycoplasmosis affecting small ruminants that have become an important issue in many countries. However, PK\/PD studies of antibiotics to treat this problem in lactating goats affected by Mycoplasma (M.) agalactiae, the main CA-causing mycoplasma are almost non-existent. The aims of this study were to evaluate the plasma and milk disposition of marbofloxacin in lactating goats after intravenous (IV), subcutaneous (SC) and subcutaneous poloxamer P407 formulations with and without carboxy-methylcellulose (SC-P407-CMC and SC-P407) administration. Marbofloxacin concentrations were analysed by the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of M. agalactiae field isolates from mastitic goat\u2019s milk were used to calculate surrogate markers of efficacy. Terminal half-lives of marbofloxacin after IV, SC, SC-P407 and SC-P407-CMC administration were 7.12, 6.57, 13.92 and 12.19 h in plasma, and the half-lives of elimination of marbofloxacin in milk were 7.22, 7.16, 9.30 and 7.74 h after IV, SC, SC-P407 and SC-P407-CMC administration, respectively. Marbofloxacin penetration from the blood into the milk was extensive, with Area Under the Curve (AUCmilk\/AUCplasma) ratios ranged 1.04\u20131.23, and maximum concentrations (Cmax-milk\/Cmax-plasma) ratios ranged 0.72\u20131.20. The PK\/PD surrogate markers of efficacy fAUC24\/MIC and the Monte Carlo simulation show that marbofloxacin ratio (fAUC24\/MIC &gt; 125) using a 90% of target attainment rate (TAR) need a dose regimen between 8.4 mg\/kg (SC) and 11.57 mg\/kg (P407CMC) and should be adequate to treat contagious agalactia in lactating goats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11041104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T11:05:06Z","timestamp":1618225506000},"page":"1104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["PK\/PD Analysis of Marbofloxacin by Monte Carlo Simulation against Mycoplasmaagalactiae in Plasma and Milk of Lactating Goats after IV, SC and SC-Long Acting Formulations Administration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8253-6252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilio","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Var\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Department of Pharmacology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edgar","family":"Garc\u00eda-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence \u201cCampus Mare Nostrum\u201d, Campus de Espinardo s\/n., University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5817-5514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan M.","family":"Serrano-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, Pharmacology Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba, 14071 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos M.","family":"C\u00e1rceles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Campus de Espinardo s\/n., University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5613-2975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Garc\u00eda-Gal\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence \u201cCampus Mare Nostrum\u201d, Campus de Espinardo s\/n., University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"C\u00e1rceles-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Campus de Espinardo s\/n., University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, Pharmacology Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba, 14071 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spanish Agency of Medicines and Medical Devices (AEMPS), Parque Empresarial Las Mercedes, 28022 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4354-1689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"de la Fe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence \u201cCampus Mare Nostrum\u201d, Campus de Espinardo s\/n., University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2018.05.001","article-title":"The moderate drift towards less tetracycline-susceptible isolates of contagious agalactia causative agents might result from different molecular mechanisms","volume":"220","author":"Ambroset","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. 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