{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T12:36:27Z","timestamp":1765888587401,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Federal Government of Malaysia","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}]},{"name":"State Government of Sabah","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}]},{"name":"Sime Darby Foundation","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An adult female Sumatran rhinoceros was observed with a swelling in the left infraorbital region in March 2017. The swelling rapidly grew into a mass. A radiograph revealed a cystic radiolucent area in the left maxilla. In June 2017, the rhinoceros was euthanized. At necropsy, the infraorbital mass measured 21 cm \u00d7 30 cm. Samples of the infraorbital mass, left parotid gland, and left masseter muscle were collected for histopathology (Hematoxylin &amp; Eosin, Von Kossa, Masson\u2019s trichrome, cytokeratin AE1\/AE3, EMA, p53, and S-100). Numerous neoplastic epithelial cells showing pleomorphism and infiltration were observed. Islands of dentinoid material containing ghost cells and keratin pearls were observed with the aid of the two special histochemistry stains. Mitotic figures were rarely observed. All the neoplastic odontogenic cells and keratin pearls showed an intense positive stain for cytokeratin AE1\/AE3, while some keratin pearls showed mild positive stains for S-100. All samples were negative for p53 and S-100 immunodetection. The mass was diagnosed as a dentinogenic ghost cell tumor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11041173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T05:35:25Z","timestamp":1618896925000},"page":"1173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Dentinogenic Ghost Cell Tumor in a Sumatran Rhinoceros"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Annas","family":"Salleh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6590-038X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zainal Z.","family":"Zainuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Borneo Rhino Alliance, c\/o Faculty of Sciences and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reza M. M.","family":"Tarmizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Borneo Rhino Alliance, c\/o Faculty of Sciences and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chee K.","family":"Yap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Borneo Rhino Alliance, c\/o Faculty of Sciences and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chian-Ren","family":"Jeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106216, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9013-4883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohd","family":"Zamri-Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12727","article-title":"Calcifying odontogenic cyst, dentinogenic ghost cell tumor, and ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma: A systematic review","volume":"47","author":"Monteiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Oral Pathol. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thompson, L.D.R., and Bishop, J.A. (2019). Malignant Neoplasms of the Gnathic Bones. Head and Neck Pathology, Elsevier. [3rd ed.].","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-47916-5.00025-X"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"El-Naggar, A.K., Chan, J.K.C., Grandis, J.R., Takata, T., and Slootweg, P.J. (2017). WHO classification of odontogenic and maxillofacial bone tumours. WHO Classification of Head and Neck Tumour, International Agency for Research on Cancer. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-019-01013-5","article-title":"Update on odontogenic tumors: Proceedings of the North American Head and Neck Pathology Society","volume":"13","author":"Bilodeau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2004.04.015","article-title":"Recurrent calcifying odontogenic cyst involving the maxillary sinus","volume":"98","author":"Daniels","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(84)90083-5","article-title":"Recurrent calcifying odontogenic cyst","volume":"58","author":"Wright","year":"1984","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2015.08.001","article-title":"Central dentinogenic ghost cell tumor: An update on a rare aggressive odontogenic tumor","volume":"74","author":"Buchner","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2009.01.033","article-title":"Dentinogenic ghost cell tumor: A case report and review of the literature","volume":"107","author":"Juneja","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"e602","article-title":"Ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma: A rare case report and review of literature","volume":"6","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Dent."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985815593349","article-title":"Mitotic count and the field of view area: Time to standardize","volume":"53","author":"Meuten","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3880527","article-title":"Odontogenic cysts, odontogenic tumors, fibroosseous, and giant cell lesions of the jaws","volume":"15","author":"Regezi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638715590652","article-title":"Ameloblastoma in a wild black rat snake (Pantherophis alleghaniensis)","volume":"7","author":"Comolli","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagn. Investig."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-014-0465-2","article-title":"Ki-67 and p53 expression in ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma: A case report and literature review","volume":"19","author":"Tardio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"349","article-title":"The relationship of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma to ghost cell ameloblastoma of the jaws: A histopathologic and immunohistochemical study","volume":"26","author":"Badger","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-029X.57679","article-title":"Dentinogenic ghost cell tumor","volume":"13","author":"Singhaniya","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali, E.A.M., Karrar, M.A., El-Siddig, A.A., Gafer, N., and Satir, A.A. (2015). Ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma of the maxilla: A case report with a literature review. Pan Afr. Med. J., 21.","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2015.21.260.5139"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.4132\/KoreanJPathol.2014.48.3.175","article-title":"Current concepts and occurrence of epithelial odontogenic tumors: II. Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor versus ghost cell odontogenic tumors derived from calcifying odontogenic cyst","volume":"48","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Korean J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1998.tb01938.x","article-title":"Odontogenic ghost cell carcinoma: A case report with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characterization","volume":"27","author":"Folpe","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Oral Pathol. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/S1368-8375(98)00034-7","article-title":"Immunohistochemical analysis of a dentinogenic ghost cell tumour","volume":"34","author":"Piattelli","year":"1998","journal-title":"Oral Oncol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63528-6","article-title":"\u03b2-catenin mutations are frequent in calcifying odontogenic cysts, but rare in ameloblastomas","volume":"163","author":"Sekine","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.4081\/rt.2015.5813","article-title":"Metastatic ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma: Description of a case and search for actionable targets","volume":"7","author":"Rappaport","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rare Tumors"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.15713\/ins.jodm.21","article-title":"Dentinogenic ghost cell tumor: A bibliometric review of literature","volume":"3","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Oral Dis. Mark."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3353\/omp.7.19","article-title":"S-100 Protein Immunoreactivity of Calcifying\/calcified Areas in Odontogenic Tumors","volume":"7","author":"Kasai","year":"2002","journal-title":"Oral Med. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-014-0584-y","article-title":"Malignant odontogenic tumors: An update on selected tumors","volume":"8","author":"Richardson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2007.060464","article-title":"Peripheral dentinogenic ghost cell tumor of the gingiva","volume":"78","author":"Iezzi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2009.04.033","article-title":"Peripheral dentinogenic ghost cell tumor: A case report and review of the literature","volume":"108","author":"Candido","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1177\/1066896915594881","article-title":"A Peripheral Dentinogenic Ghost Cell Tumor With Immunohistochemical Investigations and a Literature Review\u2013Based Clinicopathological Comparison Between Peripheral and Central Variants","volume":"23","author":"Jayasooriya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1987.tb00719.x","article-title":"Odontogenic tumors in Fischer rats","volume":"16","author":"Cullen","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Oral Pathol. Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.09.004","article-title":"Amyloid-producing odontogenic tumour (calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour) in the mandible of a Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris)","volume":"134","author":"Kang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Comp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murphy, B.G., Bell, C.M., and Soukup, J.W. (2020). Odontogenic Tumors. Veterinary Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Wiley Blackwell.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119221296"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.24070\/bjvp.1983-0246.v11i2p64-67","article-title":"Metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma in a captive common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius)","volume":"11","author":"Arenales","year":"2018","journal-title":"Braz. J. Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1638\/MS05-012.1","article-title":"A review of some of the health issues of captive black rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis)","volume":"38","author":"Dennis","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Zoo Wildl. Med."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1638\/2015-0238.1","article-title":"Oral squamous cell carcinoma in an aged captive white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum)","volume":"47","author":"Langer","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Zoo Wildl. Med."}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/11\/4\/1173\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:50:00Z","timestamp":1760161800000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/11\/4\/1173"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["ani11041173"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani11041173","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2076-2615"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]}}}